Opinion
A90A0738.
DECIDED APRIL 24, 1990.
Burglary. Meriwether Superior Court. Before Judge Keeble.
Joseph W. Jones, Jr., for appellant.
William G. Hamrick, Jr., District Attorney, Agnes T. McCabe, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
Appellant, Ricky Paul Funderburk, appeals his judgment of conviction and sentence for burglary.
The victim's home was burglarized and certain blank checks stolen. Appellant cashed two of these checks within hours of the burglary. Appellant testified that he had been at the victim's house the day of the incident, because a third party had shown him the checks and appellant had obtained possession of the checks to return them to the victim.
Appellant's grandmother testified that she was in the car while appellant was at the victim's home; that appellant went towards the victim's house; that appellant was gone for eight to twelve minutes; that she did not know whether appellant entered the victim's house or not; and that appellant said he had not seen the victim but had observed the victim's car in the yard.
Appellant had previously been employed by the victim, and knew the layout of the house and was familiar with the vicinity where the checkbook was kept.
Appellant made two pretrial statements which conflicted with his trial testimony regarding how he had come into possession of the checks. Held:
1. Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in holding, at the Jackson-Denno hearing, that appellant's two pretrial statements were voluntarily made. We disagree.
"A trial court's findings as to factual determinations and credibility relating to the admissibility of [an appellant's pretrial statement] will be upheld on appeal unless clearly erroneous." Terry v. State, 259 Ga. 165 (2) ( 377 S.E.2d 837). Examining all relevant evidence contained in the record ( Stapleton v. State, 235 Ga. 513 (1) ( 220 S.E.2d 269)), we are satisfied the trial court's ruling was not clearly erroneous.
2. On appeal the evidence must be viewed in a light most favorable to the verdict, and appellant is no longer shielded by a presumption of innocence. Watts v. State, 186 Ga. App. 358 (1) ( 366 S.E.2d 849); Lance v. State, 191 Ga. App. 701 (2) ( 382 S.E.2d 726). An appellate court does not weigh the evidence or judge witness credibility, rather it determines evidence sufficiency. Smith v. State, 192 Ga. App. 768 (1) ( 386 S.E.2d 530).
"[A]lthough the evidence of recent, unexplained [or unsatisfactorily explained] possession of stolen goods may be sufficient to give rise to an inference that the defendant committed the burglary, the sufficiency of the evidence to support the conviction must still be adjudged by the totality of the evidence under the reasonable-doubt standard applied in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560)." (Emphasis supplied.) Williams v. State, 252 Ga. 7, 9 ( 310 S.E.2d 528). "Once it is shown that goods were stolen in a burglary, absence of or unsatisfactory explanation of the possession of the goods will support a conviction for burglary based upon recent possession of the stolen goods. [Cits.] Whether a defendant's explanation of possession is satisfactory is a question for the jury [cits.]; so is lack of explanation. What constitutes recent possession is in all cases a jury question, to be determined very largely from the character and nature of the stolen property." Collins v. State, 176 Ga. App. 634, 636 ( 337 S.E.2d 415). In the case sub judice, "[t]he verdict reflects the jury's dissatisfaction with [appellant's] explanation...." Jackson v. State, 159 Ga. App. 287, 288 (1) ( 283 S.E.2d 353).
To support the verdict, circumstantial evidence must only exclude reasonable hypotheses; it need not exclude every inference or hypothesis except that of the defendant's guilt. Smith v. State, 257 Ga. 381, 382 ( 359 S.E.2d 662). Viewing the evidence of this case in a light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude that the jury rationally could have found that it excluded every reasonable hypothesis except that of the defendant's guilt. Review of the transcript reveals ample evidence from which any rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of burglary as convicted. Jackson v. Virginia, supra. See generally Hurston v. State, 189 Ga. App. 748 (1) ( 377 S.E.2d 519).
3. Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion for directed verdict. We disagree. In this case, the evidence is in conflict within the meaning of Taylor v. State, 252 Ga. 125 (1) ( 312 S.E.2d 311), and the posture of the evidence of record does not demand a verdict of acquittal as a matter of law. Id.; OCGA § 17-9-1 (see Division 2, above).
Judgment affirmed. Banke, P. J., and Cooper, J., concur.