Opinion
No. 13-35825
10-28-2015
BRENTLEY FOSTER; et al., Plaintiffs - Appellants, v. PATRICK FLAHERTY, individually and in his personal capacity for actions he took under color of state law as Deschutes County District Attorney and Deschutes County District Attorney-Elect; et al., Defendants - Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D. C. No. 6:11 cv-06115 AA MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Oregon
Ann L. Aiken, Chief District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 15, 2015 Portland, Oregon Before: FERNANDEZ, TASHIMA, and BEA, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Plaintiffs are three former Oregon deputy district attorneys ("DDA") who appeal the district court's dismissal of their claims against Deschutes County and individual Commissioners of the County Board of Commissioners (collectively, "Defendants"). Plaintiffs were terminated by the newly-elected district attorney ("DA"), Patrick Flaherty, the same day he took office on January 3, 2011. In anticipation of the potential firings, Plaintiffs and other DDAs had formed a union following Flaherty's election in May 2010. Although the union and the County tentatively agreed in late 2010 to a proposed collective bargaining agreement ("CBA"), which included a good cause requirement for termination, the County Commissioners delayed the ratification vote of the CBA until after Flaherty assumed office.
The district court dismissed Plaintiffs' § 1983 free speech retaliation claim against Defendants and wrongful discharge, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and sex discrimination claims against the County. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm the dismissal.
District Attorney Flaherty originally was a defendant in this action, but he was dismissed after he reached a settlement with Plaintiffs. --------
Under Oregon law, DAs are officers of the State of Oregon. See State v. Coleman, 886 P.2d 28, 30 (Or. Ct. App. 1994). The DA is empowered both to appoint DDAs, subject to the county court or board of county commissioners' authorization of compensation for the positions, and to fire DDAs. Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 8.760, 8.780; see also Morris v. Parks, 28 P.2d 215, 216 (Or. 1934) ("The power of appointment generally carries with it as an incident the power to remove."). DDAs "have the same qualifications as the district attorney and, subject to the direction of the district attorney, [have] the same functions as the district attorney." Or. Rev. Stat. § 8.780. Based on the foregoing, we conclude that DDAs are State, not County, employees. Graves v. Arnado, relied on by Plaintiffs, concerns a sheriff's ability to hire and fire deputy sheriffs and is inapposite because sheriffs are deemed county officers by Oregon statute. 768 P.2d 910, 912 (Or. 1989) (citing Or. Rev. Stat. § 204.005).
Because the DA, and not Defendants, was the employer of the DDAs, Plaintiffs must look to the DA who had the authority to, and in fact did, terminate their employment for any damages flowing from Plaintiffs' firings. Because Plaintiffs' loss of employment is the only claimed injury, this is fatal to all of Plaintiffs' claims. Plaintiffs' claim for breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing fails for the additional reason that there was no contract between the union and the County at the time of Plaintiffs' termination of which the implied covenant could have been a part. See Vukanovich v. Kine, 342 P.3d 1075, 1084 n.6 (Or. 2015) ("Breach of the covenant is a breach of the contract."); Klamath Off-Project Water Users, Inc. v. Pacificorp, 240 P.3d 94, 101 (Or. Ct. App. 2010).
AFFIRMED.