Summary
declining to apply Georgia's tolling statute for infancy
Summary of this case from Smith v. Brant Beach Yacht ClubOpinion
A96A0846.
DECIDED AUGUST 7, 1996 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED AUGUST 23, 1996.
Federal maritime law; statute of limitation. Chatham Superior Court. Before Judge Bass.
Portman Felser, Barnard M. Portman, Rebecca C. Benton, for appellant.
Hunter, MacLean, Exley Dunn, Robert S. Glenn, Jr., George M. Earle, Robert E. Spears, Jr., for appellee.
On May 5, 1995, Tina Marie Ford filed this action against Atkinson Dredging Company ("Atkinson") claiming she sustained personal injuries after the pleasure boat on which she rode collided with Atkinson's barge, moored in a cut on the Middle Savannah River. The incident occurred on August 10, 1987, while Ford was a minor. Ford appeals the trial court's order granting Atkinson's motion for judgment on the pleadings on statute of limitation grounds. Held:
We reject Ford's argument that during her minority Georgia law tolled the three-year statute of limitations established under federal admiralty law for suits arising out of maritime torts. 46 U.S.C. App. § 763a. In concluding that Georgia law does not apply, we rely in part on cases interpreting the substantially identical statute of limitations under the Federal Employers' Liability Act ("FELA"), 45 U.S.C. § 56. Garrett v. Moore-McCormack Co., 317 U.S. 239, 244 ( 63 SC 246, 87 LE 239) (1942) (noting uniform interpretation of FELA and Jones Act, to which § 763a applies); see Maxwell v. Swain, 833 F.2d 1177, 1178 (5th Cir. 1987) (construing § 763a and the FELA statute of limitations in pari materia).
The Georgia tolling statute is not applicable here because it is undisputed that the claim arises under federal maritime law. Burnett v. New York Central R. Co., 380 U.S. 424 ( 85 SC 1050, 13 L.Ed.2d 941) (1965) (FELA case declining to apply state tolling statute); Brooks v. Southern Pacific Co., 466 P.2d 736, 737-738 (Ariz. 1970) (FELA case). The legislative history of § 763a demonstrates that Congress sought to eliminate "forum shopping and the presentation of stale claims which can result when claimants seek to bring their suit in the jurisdiction having the most advantageous procedural rules." Butler v. American Trawler Co. 887 F.2d 20, 22 (1st Cir. 1989). Applying the Georgia tolling statute would undermine these concerns for fairness and uniformity. Id. Other courts have likewise declined to apply state tolling statutes under similar circumstances. Brooks, 466 P.2d at 738; Chesapeake Ohio R. Co. v. Miles, 249 S.W.2d 160, 161 (Ky.Ct.App. 1952) (FELA case); see Logwood v. Apollo Marine Specialists, 772 F. Supp. 925, 927 (2) (E.D. La. 1991). We believe that Congress would have contemplated the application of state law tolling provisions to § 763a, had it intended such.
The absence of such a provision distinguishes Yamaha Motor Corp. v. Calhoun, which does not require the application of Georgia's tolling statute, notwithstanding Ford's argument to the contrary. Yamaha Motor Corp. v. Calhoun, 516 U.S. ___ ( 116 SC 619, 133 L.Ed.2d 578, 592) (1996). Calhoun turned on the fact that Congress specifically provided that state law wrongful death remedies for nonseafarers' deaths within territorial waters would not be displaced by the Death on the High Seas Act, 46 U.S.C. App. § 767. Calhoun, 516 U.S. at ___ ( 133 L.Ed.2d at 592).
Ford limited her argument to the application of Georgia's tolling statute and failed to raise the issue of whether her action could remain viable under any other theory. See Burnett, 380 U.S. at 427 (tolling appropriate to further humane and remedial purpose of FELA); Brooks, 466 P.2d at 738 (4) (limitations period may be equitably tolled for mentally incompetent person); see Logwood, 772 F.Supp at 927 (equitable tolling applies principally when defendant's deception prevents plaintiff from asserting rights). Therefore, we are constrained to affirm. Judgment affirmed. Johnson and Ruffin, JJ., concur.
The trial court based its disposition on the fact that the § 763a limitations period was "substantive." In the instant case, the distinction between the substantive and procedural matters is misplaced because a maritime tort is "a type of action which the Constitution has placed under national power to control in `its substantive as well as its procedural features.'" (Emphasis omitted.) Butler, 887 F.2d at 21 (quoting Pope Talbot, Inc. v. Hawn, 346 U.S. 406, 409 ( 74 SC 202, 98 LE 143) (1953). However, a judgment right for any reason will be affirmed. Mail Media v. Rotenberry, 213 Ga. App. 826, 832 ( 446 S.E.2d 517) (1994).
DECIDED AUGUST 7, 1996 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED AUGUST 23, 1996