Summary
holding that circumstantial evidence was sufficient to support a jury finding that defendant entered a home without the victim's consent, thereby upholding a burglary conviction
Summary of this case from Knight v. StateOpinion
No. 81-109.
December 30, 1981.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Palm Beach County, Lewis Kapner, J.
Robert T. Adams, Jr., Marianna, for appellant.
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, Laura R. Morrison and Joy B. Shearer, Asst. Attys. Gen., West Palm Beach, for appellee.
Defendant appeals his conviction for trespass with a firearm and battery. We affirm.
The factual setting involves three people: the defendant/former boyfriend who arrived at the home of his former girlfriend, Essie Cagle, only to discover that she was with another man, John Sczymanski. The jury concluded that the defendant, armed with a pistol, trespassed into the home of Ms. Cagle and committed a battery upon her. On appeal, the defendant asserts that since Ms. Cagle did not testify at trial, there is a critical void as to proof of non-consensual entry and thus, he claims, the trespass conviction must be set aside. We disagree.
Defendant's legal contention is that his conviction for trespass with a firearm is dependent upon ambiguous circumstantial evidence which could just as easily support a finding of innocence. The record, however, reflects that the evidence, albeit circumstantial, is not equivocal; it permits but one reasonable inference: that the defendant entered the premises without Ms. Cagle's consent.
The defendant testified that he was invited onto the premises by Ms. Cagle and that she, in turn, asked John Sczymanski to leave. Sczymanski, on the other hand, offered a totally different version of the night's events. Thus, the jury was faced with a basic credibility question and, in accord with Standard Criminal Jury Instruction 2.13(e)4, "Impeachment — Some False Testimony," the jury was well within its province to reject all of the defendant's testimony. Moreover, we believe that the testimony about the defendant's conduct immediately before and after his entry onto the premises ineluctably established an inference of non-consensual entry.
The time was somewhere around 10:00 p.m. John Sczymanski and Essie Cagle were inside the home; Lewis Firestone was outside. Sczymanski testified, "We were laying there and we heard a large or heavy banging on the doors. . . . [I]t wasn't a knocking, it was like somebody hammering on the building with force." Next there was the breaking of glass. This was followed by a brief, inaudible exchange between Essie Cagle and the defendant. Then, almost instantly, the defendant, followed by Cagle, entered the living room. He started toward Sczymanski and Ms. Cagle said, "`Don't' or `No,' or something. It was happening fast." The defendant turned and hit Essie Cagle hard — so hard that her mother later described Essie Cagle as having been beaten to a pulp. Then the defendant took a gun from his pants and began firing at Sczymanski.
The near instantaneousness of the transaction coupled with the consistent aggressive and assaultive conduct of the defendant, in our view, firmly establish an inference of nonconsensual entry. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of guilty as to both crimes.
DOWNEY and HURLEY, JJ., concur.
BERANEK, J., dissents with opinion.
Under my interpretation of the record, the relevant events were not quite so instantaneous as the majority suggests. Moreover, when viewed in context, defendant's version of the events is very plausible.
John Sczymanski testified that he heard loud banging at the front door of the house, but he stayed in the bedroom while Essie Cagle answered the knocking. Sczymanski heard the sound of glass breaking and loud voices coming from the front part of the house. He could not, however, relate what was said.
The defendant testified that the breaking glass resulted from his heavy banging when there was no initial response to his knocking. He stated that when Essie Cagle finally approached, she told him to go to a side door and she admitted him. Defendant did enter through the side door which was not broken or forced open. It was not until after he entered that he discovered the other man in the house. The State intended to call Essie Cagle as a witness but, at the time of trial, she did not appear. Thus, there was no direct evidence as to whether he entered with or without her consent. Under the circumstances, I believe both consensual and nonconsensual entry are reasonable conclusions and, therefore, the construction indicating innocence should be accepted. Sindrich v. State, 322 So.2d 589 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975).