Opinion
CIVIL ACTION NO. 21-CV-0743
04-15-2021
JOSE FIGUEROA, Plaintiff, v. ALEXIS SCOTTS, Defendant.
MEMORANDUM KENNEY, J.
This matter comes before the Court by way of a Complaint (ECF No. 1), brought by pro se Plaintiff Jose Figueroa, a pretrial detainee incarcerated at the Federal Detention Center in Philadelphia ("the Philadelphia FDC"), based primarily on allegations that he was infected with COVID-19 and delayed treatment as a result of the negligence of staff during his incarceration at FDC. Also before the Court is Figueroa's Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (ECF No. 7) and his Prison Trust Fund Account Statement (ECF No. 6). In addition, Figueroa has filed a "Motion to File a[n] Amended." (ECF No. 5.) For the following reasons, the Complaint will be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), and Figueroa will be granted leave to file an amended complaint. The Court will grant Figueroa's motion to file an amended consistent with this Memorandum and accompanying Order.
I. FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS
Figueroa, who has been held in the Philadelphia FDC since September 18, 2019 awaiting trial, avers that he was infected with COVID-19 from October 30, 2020 through November 24, 2020 because of the "negligence[] of the staff Ms. Alexis Scotts" at FDC. (ECF No. 1 at 2.) Specifically, Figueroa asserts that when Scotts returned to work following her two weeks off, "she stated that she was sick before the whole Unit was sick" and that she must have been the one that brought COVID-19 to the unit. (Id.)
The Court adopts the pagination assigned to the Complaint by the CM/ECF docketing system.
Figueroa asserts that the FDC gave Scotts two weeks off because she had tested positive for COVID-19. (ECF No. 1 at 2.)
On November 8, 2020, while he was infected with COVID-19, Figueroa alleges that his blood sugar dropped, but he was not seen by a nurse until sometime on November 12, 2020, after his blood sugar had already gone back up. (Id. at 2-3.) Figueroa further avers that although he was "clear" of COVID-19 by November 24, 2020, he was still "in danger" because he was kept in the same unit as ten other people who were infected with COVID-19. (Id. at 3.) Figueroa asserts that he was not given a second COVID-19 test after he "was clear" of the virus. (Id.)
Figueroa avers that while he was infected with COVID-19, he was in lockdown with limited access to showers and phone calls, and he was served peanut butter, jelly, and bread for each of his three meals every Friday through Sunday. (Id.) Figueroa avers that this subjected him to cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. (Id.)
Figueroa's Complaint names only Alexis Scotts as a Defendant, but she is only identified in the Complaint as "staff," so it is unclear to the Court as to what her exact role was at FDC. (Id. at 2.) Figueroa seeks $10,000,000 in damages for pain and suffering, asserting that an FDC staff member gave him COVID-19 and he is still "in danger." (Id. at 3.)
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court grants Figueroa leave to proceed in forma pauperis because it appears that he is incapable of paying the fees to commence this civil action. Accordingly, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) applies, which requires the Court to dismiss the Complaint if it fails to state a claim. Whether a complaint fails to state a claim under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is governed by the same standard applicable to motions to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), see Tourscher v. McCullough, 184 F.3d 236, 240 (3d Cir. 1999), which requires the Court to determine whether the complaint contains "sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quotations omitted). The Court must "accept all well-pleaded allegations as true and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff," but disregard "threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, legal conclusions, and conclusory statements" in determining whether a plaintiff has stated a claim. City of Cambridge Ret. Sys. v. Altisource Asset Mgmt. Corp, 908 F.3d 872, 878 (3d Cir. 2018) (quotations omitted). As Figueroa is proceeding pro se, the Court construes his allegations liberally. Higgs v. Att'y Gen, 655 F.3d 333, 339 (3d Cir. 2011).
However, as Figueroa is a prisoner, he will be obligated to pay the filing fee in installments in accordance with the Prison Litigation Reform Act. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b).
III. DISCUSSION
Figueroa's claims are based on his allegations that he was infected with COVID-19 and was delayed treatment as a result of the negligence of staff during his incarceration at FDC. It appears that by citing to both theories in the heading of his Complaint (ECF No. 1 at 2), Figueroa intends to pursue these claims as medical negligence claims under the Federal Tort Claims Act ("FTCA") and deliberate indifference claims pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388, 397 (1971). Accordingly, the Court will liberally construe the Complaint as raising both FTCA and Bivens claims. Figueroa's claims are flawed, however, under either approach.
A. FTCA Claims
The FTCA waives the sovereign immunity of the United States for torts of federal employees acting within the scope of their employment "under circumstances where the United States, if a private person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with the law of the place where the act or omission occurred." 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b)(1); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2674 (providing that, for tort claims, the United States shall be liable "in the same manner and to the same extent as a private individual under like circumstances"); Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain, 542 U.S. 692, 700 (2004) (stating that "[t]he FTCA 'was designed primarily to remove the sovereign immunity of the United States from suits in tort, with certain specific exceptions, to render the Defendants liable in tort as a private individual would be under like circumstances.'" (quoting Richards v. United States, 369 U.S. 1, 6 (1962))). The United States is the only proper defendant in an FTCA action. See CNA v. United States, 535 F.3d 132, 138 n.2 (3d Cir. 2008).
Under the FTCA "[a] tort claim against the United States shall be forever barred unless it is presented in writing to the appropriate Federal Agency within two years after such claim accrues or unless action is begun within six months after the date of mailing, by certified or registered mail, of notice of final denial of the claim by the agency to which it was presented." 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). In other words, "[n]o claim can be brought under the FTCA unless the plaintiff first presents the claim to the appropriate federal agency and the agency renders a final decision on the claim." Shelton v. Bledsoe, 775 F.3d 554, 569 (3d Cir. 2015); see also Burrell v. Loungo, 750 F. App'x 149, 154 (3d Cir. 2018) (stating that "[u]nder 28 U.S.C. § 2675(a), a plaintiff may not bring a claim under the FTCA unless he 'first presents the claim to the appropriate federal agency and the agency renders a final decision on the claim.'") (quoting Shelton, 775 F.3d at 569). This requirement is "jurisdictional and cannot be waived." Shelton, 775 F.3d at 569. Therefore, a plaintiff "must . . . plead administrative exhaustion in an FTCA case." Colbert v. U.S. Postal Serv., 831 F. Supp. 2d 240, 243 (D.D.C. 2011).
To the extent Figueroa intended to raise medical or other negligence claims under the FTCA, his claims fail for various reasons. First, the United States is the only proper defendant in an FTCA case, but Figueroa has not named the United States as a Defendant. Moreover, it is not clear whether Figueroa exhausted administrative remedies prior to filing his Complaint as the Complaint does not include allegations pertaining to administrative exhaustion. See McFadden v. United States, Civ. A. No. 19-2900, 2021 WL 1088307, at *3 (E.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2021) (discussing how to exhaust administrative remedies with the BOP prior to pursuing a FTCA claim); see also 28 C.F.R. § 543.31. In sum, Figueroa has not named the proper defendant, and it is not apparent from the Complaint, as pled, that the Court has jurisdiction over his FTCA claims. For those reasons, the Court will dismiss Figueroa's FTCA claims.
B. Bivens Claims
The federal actor analogue to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 liability is Bivens, which provides a remedy for certain constitutional violations committed by federal actors. See, e.g., Ynfante v. United States, Civ. A. No. 13-767, 2015 WL 631055, at *5 (M.D. Pa. Feb. 12, 2015 ("In contrast to FTCA actions, a Bivens claim can only be asserted against individual officials."). Here, Figueroa seeks to invoke Bivens based on allegations that he was infected with COVID-19 by Scotts and was subsequently delayed treatment when his blood sugar level dropped during his incarceration at the Philadelphia FDC.
Although the Complaint cites § 1983, that statute provides a cause of action against state actors, and is not applicable here.
1. Figueroa's Claim Based on COVID-19 Infection
"[A]n inmate's claim that prison officials violated his ... rights by failing to protect him against a known risk of substantial harm does not present a new Bivens context." Bistrian v. Levi, 912 F.3d 79, 90 (3d Cir. 2018). A federal pretrial detainee challenging the conditions of his confinement in a Bivens claim must turn to the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause for protection. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 n.16 (1979); Bistrian, 912 F.3d 79, at 91; Fuentes v. Wagner, 206 F.3d 335, 431-43 (3d Cir. 2000). To state a conditions of confinement claim, Figueroa must provide facts suggesting "that (1) the deprivation alleged was objectively, 'sufficiently serious' such that the prison officials' acts or omissions resulted in the denial of 'the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities'; and (2) that the prison officials exhibited a 'deliberate indifference' to his health and safety." Barndt v. Wenerowicz, 698 F. App'x 673, 677 (3d Cir. 2017) (quoting Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834).
The Eighth Amendment governs claims brought by convicted inmates challenging their conditions of confinement, while the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment governs claims brought by pretrial detainees in federal custody. See Bistrian, 912 F.3d 79 at 91; Hubbard v. Taylor, 399 F.3d 150, 166 (3d Cir. 2005). However, the standard under these amendments for claims related to a prisoner's medical needs is essentially the same for purposes of the analysis. See Moore v. Luffey, 767 F. App'x 335, 340 n.2 (3d Cir. 2019); Parkell v. Morgan, 682 F. App'x 155, 159 (3d Cir. 2017) (per curiam).
Figueroa has not provided any facts that would support an inference of deliberate indifference. "[T]he standard for determining deliberate indifference in a conditions of confinement case is whether a prison official knew of and disregarded an excessive risk to an inmate's health or safety." Mitchell v. Dodrill, 696 F. Supp. 2d 454, 467 (M.D. Pa. 2010) (citing Farmer, 511 U.S. at 837). There are no factual allegations in the Complaint which demonstrate that Scotts continued to work at FDC knowing that she was infected with COVID-19 or that she intentionally infected Figueroa or others. To the contrary, the Complaint avers that Scotts was given two weeks off from her employment once it was determined that she tested positive for COVID-19. (ECF No. 1 at 1.) Even assuming she was the cause of some infections based on her stated assumption after she recovered from COVID-19, that fact, without more, does not support an inference of deliberate indifference. Accordingly, Figueroa has not alleged a plausible basis for inferring that Scotts failed to protect him against a known risk of substantial harm.
2. Figueroa's Claim Based on Delayed Medical Treatment
After Bivens, the Supreme Court recognized an implied cause of action where prison officials are deliberately indifferent to a prisoner's serious medical needs. See Carlson v. Green, 446 U.S. 14 (1980). To state a constitutional claim based on a delay or denial of medical care, a prisoner must allege facts indicating that prison officials were deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs. See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 835 (1994). A prison official is not deliberately indifferent "unless the official knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety; the official must both be aware of facts from which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists, and he must also draw the inference." Id. at 837.
"A medical need is serious, . . . if it is one that has been diagnosed by a physician as requiring treatment or one that is so obvious that a lay person would easily recognize the necessity for a doctor's attention." Monmouth Cty. Corr. Institutional Inmates v. Lanzaro, 834 F.2d 326, 347 (3d Cir. 1987) (internal quotations omitted). Deliberate indifference is properly alleged "where the prison official (1) knows of a prisoner's need for medical treatment but intentionally refuses to provide it; (2) delays necessary medical treatment based on a non-medical reason; or (3) prevents a prisoner from receiving needed or recommended medical treatment." Rouse v. Plantier, 182 F.3d 192, 197 (3d Cir. 1999). Allegations of medical malpractice and mere disagreement regarding proper medical treatment are insufficient to establish a constitutional violation. See Spruill v. Gillis, 372 F.3d 218, 235 (3d Cir. 2004). Additionally, "absent a reason to believe (or actual knowledge) that prison doctors or their assistants are mistreating (or not treating) a prisoner, a non-medical prison official . . . will not be chargeable with . . . deliberate indifference." Id. at 236.
Finally, a Bivens cause of action based on a theory of deliberate indifference to a prisoner's proper medical care cannot generally lie against persons who had no direct involvement in that medical treatment. Accord Balter v. United States, 172 F. App'x 401, 403 (3d Cir. 2006). Rather, a plaintiff must allege plausibly that each official he has named violated his constitutional rights "through the official's own individual actions." Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676. Thus, to be plausible, a Bivens-based deliberate indifference claim must allege that a Defendant personally refused, delayed or prevented Figueroa from receiving medical care. See Pressley v. Beard, 266 F. App'x 216, 218 (3d Cir. 2008) (finding that the district court properly dismissed prison officials who were sued "based on their failure to take corrective action when grievances or investigations were referred to them"); Jackson v. Grondolsky, Civ. A. No. 09-5617, 2011 WL 13704 at *1 n. 1 (D.N.J. Jan.3, 2011) (surveying applicable Third Circuit precedent regarding supervisory liability in the prisoner medical treatment context and holding that no cause of action against a prison warden would lie where the only allegation supporting the claim was that the warden failed to take action after being presented with plaintiff's administrative grievances); Garvey v. Martinez, Civ. A. No. 08-2217, 2010 WL 569852 at *7 (M.D. Pa. Feb.11, 2010) (rejecting prisoner's Bivens deliberate indifference claim against defendant prison warden where the warden was not personally involved in decisions regarding plaintiff's medical care and became aware of plaintiff's situation solely through the administrative grievance process) (citing Durmer v. O'Carroll, 991 F.2d 64, 69 (3d Cir. 1993)).
Here, Figueroa does not allege any facts describing how the only named Defendant, Scotts, was personally involved in matters related to his medical care. Accordingly, Figueroa has not alleged a plausible basis for inferring that Scotts was aware of his serious medical needs and responded to those needs with deliberate indifference. In sum, Figueroa has not stated a Bivens claim against Scotts.
C. Conditions Claims
1. Peanut Butter and Jelly
Figueroa avers that he was subjected to cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment when he was served peanut butter, jelly, and bread for each of his three meals every Friday through Sunday during his time on lockdown. (ECF No. 1 at 3.) While there is a federal actor analogue to § 1983 liability under Bivens, the availability of Bivens as a cause of action is limited, and no prior decision appears to have sanctioned a claim under Bivens similar to the one Figueroa seeks to bring. "[T]he Supreme Court has plainly counseled against creating new Bivens causes of action." Vanderklok v. United States, 868 F.3d 189, 199 n.8 (3d Cir. 2017) (citing Minneci v. Pollard, 565 U.S. 118 (2012) (refusing to extend Eighth Amendment Bivens action to individuals working at a private prison); FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471 (1994) (refusing to extend Bivens claim to federal agency defendant); Schweiker v. Chilicky, 487 U.S. 412 (1988) (refusing to extend Bivens to case involving wrongful denials of disability benefits); United States v. Stanley, 483 U.S. 669 (1987) (refusing to extend Bivens to case involving injuries suffered incident to military service); Chappell v. Wallace, 462 U.S. 296 (1983) (refusing to extend Bivens to case involving racial discrimination by superiors in military); Dancy v. Watson, Civ. A. No. 19-426, 2020 WL 1139422, at *1 (S.D. Ind. Mar. 9, 2020) (refusing to extend Bivens to case involving food-borne illness caused by contaminated food as a result of rodent infestation); Lovett v. Ruda, Civil A. No. 17-2010, 2018 WL 4659111, at *8 (D. Colo. Sept. 28, 2018) (refusing to extend Bivens to case involving a failure to accommodate dietary restrictions)); see also Hernandez v. Mesa, 140 S. Ct. 735, 742-43 (2020) (stating that the "expansion of Bivens is a disfavored judicial activity," that "it is doubtful" that the outcome of Bivens would be the same if it were decided today, and that "for almost 40 years, [the Supreme Court] ha[s] consistently rebuffed requests to add to the claims allowed under Bivens." Id. at 472-73 (internal quotations marks and citations omitted)). In light of the foregoing cases, establishing a new Bivens context for Figueroa's claim would be inappropriate.
Even assuming for our purposes that Figueora would be entitled to pursue this claim under Bivens, it does not amount to punishment as contemplated by the Fifth Amendment. A federal pretrial detainee challenging the conditions of his confinement in a Bivens claim must turn to the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause for protection. Bell, 441 U.S. at 535 n.16; Bistrian, 912 F.3d at 91; Fuentes, 206 F.3d at 431-43. Under Bell, to establish a basis for a violation, a prisoner must allege that his conditions of confinement amount to punishment. Id . 441 U.S. at 538. Under the analogous standard applicable to prisoners under the Eighth Amendment, conditions of confinement must deny a detainee "the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities." Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 (1981); Betts v. New Castle Youth Dev. Ctr., 621 F.3d 249, 256 (3d Cir. 2010) (stating that the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment requires that prison officials provide "humane conditions of confinement."). Such necessities include food, clothing, shelter, medical care and reasonable safety. Tillman v. Lebanon Cnty. Corr. Facility, 221 F.3d 410, 418 (3d Cir. 2000). A prisoner must also establish that the defendants acted with deliberate indifference. Farmer, 511 U.S. at 835.
Figueroa's allegations about being served peanut butter, jelly, and bread during lockdown (a limited period from October 30, 2020 through November 24, 2020) do not set forth a plausible claim. A constitutionally adequate diet "must provide adequate nutrition, but corrections officials may not be held liable unless the inmate shows both an objective component (that the deprivation was sufficiently serious) and a subjective component (that the officials acted with a sufficiently culpable state of mind)." Duran v. Merline, 923 F. Supp. 2d 702, 719-20 (D.N.J. 2013) (citing Stevenson v. Carroll, 495 F.3d 62, 68 (3d Cir. 2007) and Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 298 (1991)). Objectively, "[w]hether the deprivation of food falls below this [constitutional] threshold depends on the amount and duration of the deprivation." Id. at 720 (citing Berry v. Brady, 192 F.3d 504, 507 (5th Cir. 1999)). "Under the Eighth Amendment, which provides a floor for the rights of pretrial detainees, see Natale v. Camden Cty. Corr. Facility, 318 F.3d 575, 581 (3d Cir. 2003), inmates must be served 'nutritionally adequate food that is prepared and served under conditions which do not present an immediate danger' to their health and well-being." Duran, 923 F. Supp. 2d at 720 (citing Robles v. Coughlin, 725 F.2d 12, 15 (2d Cir. 1983) (quoting Ramons v. Lamm, 639 F.2d 559, 571 (10th Cir. 1980)); Mora v. Camden Cty., Civ. A. No. 09-4183, 2010 WL 2560680, at *8 (D.N.J. June 21, 2010)).
The sparse allegations in the Complaint do not satisfy the objective requirement. See Duran, 923 F. Supp.2d at 720 ("Being served cold meals for a 45-day period . . . is not 'punishment' under Bell. So long as the food is nutritionally adequate, the mere fact that it is unvaried or cold does not give rise to a constitutional violation . . ."); see also Parker v. Luryd, Civ. A. No. 16-979, 2016 WL 7007480, at *2 (D. Del. Nov. 28, 2016) ("The issue of serving cold food has been considered and rejected by other courts. The provision of cold food is not, by itself, a violation of the Eighth Amendment as long as the food is nutritionally adequate and is 'prepared and served under conditions which do not present an immediate danger to the health and well being of the inmates who consume it.'").
Figueroa does not allege that the food he was served was nutritionally inadequate, nor does he allege that it was unsafe to consume. Instead, Figueroa claims that his constitutional rights were violated under the Eighth Amendment because he was served unvaried, cold meals. This does not amount to a constitutional violation.
2. Limited Showers and Phone Calls
Figueroa also avers that while he was infected with COVID-19, he was in lockdown with limited access to showers and phone calls. (ECF No. 1 at 3.) There are no allegations in the Complaint, however, that demonstrate that Scotts was personally involved in limiting Figueroa's showers or in depriving him of phone calls. Moreover, with respect to his limited shower claim, several courts have recognized that the constitution does not require that prisoners be afforded frequent or comfortable showers. See Rodriguez v. Thomas, 299 F. Supp. 3d 618, 639 (M.D. Pa. 2018) (citing Veteto v. Miller, 829 F. Supp. 1486, 1496 (M.D. Pa. 1992) (deprivation of showers during period of placement in administrative detention found not to be Eighth Amendment violation); Jackson v. Beard, Civ. A. No. 09-2129, 2015 WL 1321721, at *17 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 24, 2015) (occasional shower restrictions is not a viable constitutional violation); Briggs v. Heidlebaugh, Civ. A. No. 96-3884, 1997 WL 318081, at *3 (E.D. Pa. May 21, 1997) (denial of showers for two weeks is not a constitutional violation). Figueroa does not provide enough factual detail to set forth a plausible claim. He does not set forth the extent of the shower limitation, nor does he aver whether Scotts was responsible for the limitation or whether he suffered any harm from the inability to access showers. Figueroa's conclusory assertion that he was subjected to limited showers while infected with COVID-19 does not rise to the level of a constitutional violation as pled.
With respect to Figueroa's claim about limited access to phone calls, several courts have recognized that prisoners enjoy no right to unlimited telephone use. See Lopez v. Reyes, 692 F.2d 15, 17 (5th Cir. 1983); Benzel v. Grammar, 869 F.2d 1105, 1110 (8th Cir. 1989) (a prison policy which denied phone privileges to inmates housed in administrative detention did not violate the Constitution since the policy furthered internal security and rehabilitation concerns); Hamilton v. Dolce, Civ. A. No. 18-2615, 2019 WL 4509375, at *4 (D.N.J. Sept. 19, 2019) (a loss of telephone privileges, without more, does not amount to a violation of the Eighth Amendment's protections to be free from cruel and unusual punishment); Brown v. Sadowski, No. 08-4489, 2019 WL 248916, at *4 (D.N.J. Feb. 9, 2009) (collecting cases and noting that loss of telephone privileges does not amount to an Eighth Amendment violation to be free from cruel and unusual punishment).
The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has previously established that in order to assert a viable claim of telephone deprivation, an inmate must make some showing of prejudice or actual injury. Peterkin v. Jeffes, 855 F.2d 1021, 1041 (3d Cir. 1989). More recent decisions have concluded that where an inmate has available, alternative means of communicating with the outside world, i.e., mail privileges, a claim alleging improper denial of telephone access was subject to dismissal. See Johnson v. Bledsoe, Civ. A. No. 12-97, 2012 WL 258680, at *2 (M.D. Pa. Jan. 27, 2012); Acosta v. McGrady, 1999 WL 158471 *7 (E.D. Pa. 1999) (determining that a prisoner has a constitutional right to use a telephone only if no other reasonable means of communication are available).
Figueroa does not explain the depth of his alleged limited access to phone calls, nor does he allege whether the phone calls were legal or personal in nature. He also fails to aver how Scotts participated in the phone call limitation, and does not allege that he lacked alternative means or suffered an injury as a result. Figueroa's conclusory assertion that he was subjected to limited phone calls while infected with COVID-19 does not rise to the level of a constitutional violation as pled.
D. Outstanding Motion
On March 22, 2021, Figueroa filed a "Motion to File a[n] Amended." (ECF No. 5.) This motion appears to seek leave of Court to file an amended complaint in this case. The Court will grant Figueroa's motion to file an amended consistent with this Memorandum and accompanying Order.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant Figueroa leave to proceed in forma pauperis and dismiss his Complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). Figueroa's Fifth Amendment food claim will be dismissed with prejudice. Figueroa's remaining claims of negligence under the FTCA, failure to protect and deliberate indifference to serious medical needs pursuant to Bivens, and denial of full access to showers and phone calls will be dismissed without prejudice because they are not plausible as alleged. The Court cannot, however, state that Figueroa could never allege plausible claims against the United States under the FTCA or against an appropriate defendant pursuant to Bivens. Accordingly, Figueroa will be permitted to file an amended complaint within thirty (30) days in the event he can state a plausible claim. See Grayson v. Mayview State Hosp., 293 F.3d 103, 114 (3d Cir. 2002).
An appropriate Order follows.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Chad F. Kenney
CHAD F. KENNEY, J.