Summary
In Fifty CPW, a corporation, which had been sued by tenants for damages caused by a leaking roof in a prior action, commenced a third-party action for indemnification and contribution against the contractor.
Summary of this case from Tokio Marine Nichido Fire Insurance Co. v. CanterOpinion
3151, 3152.
March 29, 2005.
Order, Supreme Court, New York County (Rosalyn Richter, J.), entered on or about April 11, 2003, which, insofar as appealed from, granted the motion by plaintiff Fifty CPW Tenants Corporation (CPW) for reargument of a prior order, same court (Harold Tompkins, J.), entered June 21, 2002, granting, on grounds of res judicata, the motion by defendant Richardson Lucas, Inc. (RL) for summary judgment dismissing CPW's complaint as against RL, and, upon reargument, adhered to the prior determination, unanimously affirmed, without costs. Appeal from the aforesaid order entered June 21, 2002, unanimously dismissed, without costs, as subsumed within the appeal from the order entered on or about April 11, 2003.
Before: Mazzarelli, J.P., Friedman, Nardelli and Gonzalez, JJ.
In a prior action ( Polat,) CPW, a residential cooperative corporation, was sued by one of its tenant/shareholders for damage caused by the building's leaking roof. In Polat, CPW commenced a third-party action for indemnification and contribution against RL, a contractor; CPW alleged that RL's work on the building's roof was defective and had caused the tenant's damage. In December 1999, while a settlement of Polat was being negotiated, CPW commenced the instant direct action against RL, seeking recovery on RL's masonry and roof guarantees of the same work at issue in CPW's third-party action against RL in Polat. Thereafter, in January 2000, CPW and RL entered into a stipulation discontinuing the third-party action in Polat "with prejudice." In the orders under review, Supreme Court held that, under the doctrine of res judicata, the stipulation between CPW and RL discontinuing the third-party action in Polat bars the instant action by CPW insofar as it seeks recovery on RL's guarantees. We now affirm.
Under New York's transactional approach to res judicata issues, "once a claim is brought to a final conclusion, all other claims arising out of the same transaction or series of transactions are barred, even if based upon different theories or if seeking a different remedy" ( O'Brien v. City of Syracuse, 54 NY2d 353, 357, citing Matter of Reilly v. Reid, 45 NY2d 24, 29-30). Further, a claim will be barred by the prior adjudication of a different claim arising out of the same "factual grouping" even if the claims "involve materially different elements of proof" ( O'Brien, 54 NY2d at 358), and even if the claims "`would call for different measures of liability or different kinds of relief'" ( Smith v. Russell Sage Coll., 54 NY2d 185, 192, quoting Restatement [Second] of Judgments [Tentative Draft No. 5] § 61, Comment c [now Restatement (Second) of Judgments § 24, Comment c]). Stated otherwise, res judicata "bars not only claims that were actually litigated [to conclusion on the merits] but also claims that could have been litigated [in the prior action] if they arose from the same transaction or series of transactions" ( Marinelli Assoc. v. Helmsley-Noyes Co., 265 AD2d 1, 5).
Under the foregoing principles, the stipulated discontinuance "with prejudice" of CPW's indemnification and contribution claims against RL in Polat was correctly given res judicata effect to bar CPW's guarantee claims against RL in this action. Plainly, both sets of claims arise from the same transaction or series of transactions, in that the basis of CPW's claims against RL in each action is the same allegedly defective work RL performed on the roof of CPW's building. Given this common factual basis, the guarantee claims asserted herein could have been litigated in CPW's third-party action against RL in Polat, notwithstanding that the amount sought under the guarantees is not limited to the amount of CPW's liability to the Polat plaintiff ( see George Cohen Agency v. Donald S. Perlman Agency, 51 NY2d 358, 365-366). Further, the stipulation discontinuing the Polat third-party action, which did not contain any reservation of the right to pursue related claims or limitation of the claims disposed of to those actually asserted in that proceeding, is accorded the same res judicata effect as a judgment on the merits ( see Matter of Hofmann, 287 AD2d 119, 123; Schwartzreich v. E.P.C. Carting Co., 246 AD2d 439, 441; Nottenberg v. Walber 985 Co., 160 AD2d 574, 575). We note that, during the negotiation of the Polat settlement, CPW requested that language preserving its right to pursue claims against RL pending in other actions be inserted in the stipulation of discontinuance, and RL specifically refused to agree to a stipulation containing any such provision. CPW cannot now escape the effect of its agreement to a stipulation that ended its third-party action against RL "with prejudice," and without qualification or limitation.