Opinion
Docket No. 144319. COA No. 294698.
2012-09-28
FIFTH THIRD MORTGAGE–MI, L.L.C., Fifth Third Mortgage Company, and Fifth Third Bank, Plaintiffs–Appellees, v. Robert M. HANCE, Stephanie Hance, Executive Estate Builders, L.L.C., and Rockridge Holdings, Inc., Defendants, and First American Title Insurance Company, Defendant–Appellant.
Prior report: Mich.App., 2011 WL 4501573.
Order
On order of the Court, the motion to seal the record is GRANTED. The Court finds that there is good cause to seal the record, consistent with the Oakland Circuit Court's September 27, 2006 protective order and the April 12, 2010 Court of Appeals order sealing the briefs and exhibits. There is no less restrictive means to adequately and effectively protect the specific interests asserted. See MCR 7.313(A), (D) and MCR 8.119(F)(1). The application for leave to appeal the September 29, 2011 judgment of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is DENIED, because we are not persuaded that the questions presented should be reviewed by this Court. MARKMAN, J. (concurring).
I join in this Court's order denying leave to appeal, but write separately to address the Court of Appeals majority's departure from the principles of resolving allegedly ambiguous contract provisions established in Klapp v. United Ins. Group Agency, Inc., 468 Mich. 459, 663 N.W.2d 447 (2003). As this Court clarified in Klapp, “ “ ‘[t]he law is clear that where the language of the contract is ambiguous, the court can look to such extrinsic evidence as the parties' conduct, the statements of its representatives, and past practice to aid in interpretation.’ ” ” Id. at 470, 663 N.W.2d 447, quoting Penzien v. Dielectric Prod. Engineering Co., Inc, 374 Mich. 444, 449, 132 N.W.2d 130 (1965). Only if ambiguity persists even after all other conventional means of contract interpretation have been applied, and all relevant extrinsic evidence considered, should the rule of contra proferentem (ambiguous contracts to be construed against the drafting party) be applied, as it was in this case. Klapp, 468 Mich. at 474, 663 N.W.2d 447. Contrary to the analysis of the Court of Appeals majority, the rule of contra proferentem is a rule of last resort. The primary goal of contract interpretation is to honor the parties' intent, and the rule of contra proferentem does not further that goal; rather, it merely ascertains “the winner and the loser in connection with a contract whose meaning has eluded [the decision-maker] despite all efforts to apply conventional rules of interpretation.” Id. at 474, 663 N.W.2d 447. That is, it is essentially a tiebreaker. However, a tie cannot be declared without first considering relevant extrinsic evidence. I concur with this Court's order because, although I believe that reasonable interpretations of the contract in dispute have been offered by both sides, in the end, I agree with the result reached by the Court of Appeals without finding the contract here to be ambiguous.