Summary
In Esso Standard Oil Company, 399 Pa. 331, 159 A.2d at 696, our state Supreme Court held that because the township did not enter an appearance in the case to oppose Esso's appeal, it was clear that the interests of those wishing to intervene were no longer adequately represented.
Summary of this case from Keener v. Zoning Hearing Bd.Opinion
January 6, 1960.
April 18, 1960.
Practice and procedure — Rules — Construction — Intervention — Petition — Timeliness — Interest of intervenor — Zoning case — Decision of zoning board of adjustment — Appeal to Court of common pleas — Intervention before final order — Pa. R. C. P. 126, 1024, 2337, 2328, and 2329.
1. In this zoning case in which it appeared that many neighborhood property owners appeared at a hearing before a zoning board of adjustment to oppose an application for a variance to permit a gasoline service station; that after the board dismissed the application for a variance an appeal was taken to the court of common pleas, in which no appearance was entered by the township on behalf of its zoning board and the appeal was uncontested; that after a hearing on February 25, 1959, the court filed an opinion and decree nisi on May 26, 1959 granting the variance; that on the last day for the filing of exceptions a petition to intervene was filed by one of the interested neighborhood property owners praying that the "Decree Nisi" be revoked and a hearing be reconvened and alleging that petitioners had no notice of the proceedings before the court of common pleas until newspapers published during the week of June 8, 1950 carried articles concerning the filing of the "Decree Nisi"; that there was a technical defect in this petition which was corrected before the hearing on the return day of the rule; and the court below refused to permit any testimony to be taken at the hearing on the return day of the rule to show cause so that there was no evidence to support a finding of laches, it was Held, that the court below abused its discretion in not permitting appellants to intervene. [326-32]
2. Procedural rules are not ends in themselves, but means whereby justice, as expressed in legal principles, is administered. [329]
3. Procedural rules are not to be exalted to the status of substantive objectives. [329]
4. A petition originally filed in defective form but corrected to be in proper form when considered by the court should not, in the interest of justice, be ignored by the court; and the refusal to permit necessary amendments may constitute an abuse of discretion. [330]
5. Amendments of pleadings should be allowed with great liberality at any stage of the case, unless they violate the law or prejudice the rights of the opposing party. [330]
6. The rules of civil procedure shall be liberally construed to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action or proceeding to which they are applicable: Pa. R. C. P. 126. [330]
7. Under Pa. R. C. P. 2327(4) an owner of property in the immediate vicinity of the property involved in a zoning case has the requisite interest and status to become an intervenor. [330-1]
8. Prior to the entry of a final order dismissing exceptions either the township or a property owner may be permitted to intervene in an appeal to a court of common pleas from a zoning board order. [331]
9. Intervention may not be refused upon the ground of laches in the absence of evidence to support a finding of inexcusable delay by the intervenor and prejudice to the other party as a result of that delay. [331-2]
Before JONES, C.J., BELL, MUSMANNO, JONES, COHEN, BOK and EAGEN, JJ.
Appeal, No. 54, Jan. T., 1960, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, Dec. T., 1958, No. 570, in case of Esso Standard Oil Company v. Jack Taylor et al. Order reversed.
Proceedings on appeal from decision of board of adjustment refusing to grant variance. Before TOAL, J.
Adjudication filed sustaining appeal, exceptions to adjudication dismissed and order entered. Intervenors appealed.
A. DiPasqua, with him Melvin E. Caine, for appellants.
Richard P. Brown, Jr., with him Ralph Earle, II, and Morgan, Lewis Bockius, for appellees.
This is an appeal from an order of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas (1) making final a Decree Nisi of that Court which granted a variance to the appellees; (2) dismissing appellants' exceptions to the Decree Nisi; and (3) discharging a rule to show cause why said Decree Nisi should not be revoked, why the hearing should not be reconvened, and why intervention by the present appellants should not be allowed.
On August 8, 1958, the appellees applied to the building inspector of Marple Township for a permit to erect a gasoline service station on their property located at the Northeast corner of Sproul Road and Hilldale Avenue. The building inspector refused the application because this property is located in an R1 zoning district, where such structure is prohibited by the duly enacted zoning ordinance of Marple Township. On appeal the Marple Township Board of Adjustment conducted hearings, at which many of the property owners in the immediate area of appellees' property appeared to oppose the petition, and after taking testimony, found the following facts:
Originally the appellees were Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J. Katz. On November 6, 1959, Esso Standard Oil Company purchased their interest in the property involved in the instant litigation and was subsequently substituted for the Katz.
There was in evidence before the Board of Adjustment an exhibit containing the names and addresses of some seventy interested persons.
"(1) That the ground in question is owned by the petitioners as tenants by the entireties, having purchased the same on or about June 2, 1953.
(2) That said premises is now zoned R-1, Residential.
(3) That the petitioners desire to erect a gasoline service station which is contrary to and not permitted by existing ordinances.
(4) That the lot of ground has a frontage on Sproul Road of 175 feet with a depth of about 200 feet on Hilldale Avenue, which is a private road.
(5) That there is a property located on said lot which is occupied by tenants and has been so occupied most of the time that the petitioners have held title to the same at a fair and reasonable rental.
(6) That the entire side of Sproul Road on which petitioners' property is located, from the corner of Hilldale Avenue to the next street, North of Hilldale Avenue, is occupied by two gasoline stations, adjoining each other, and which gasoline stations have been operating for many years under 'non-conforming use.'
(7) Immediately South of the petitioners' property are located very desirable and expensive private homes for about one-half mile to Lawrence Road, where there is located a funeral home, and continuing South is the Lawrence Park Shopping Center.
(8) To the rear and also to the North of petitioners' property are many very fine residential properties.
(9) Immediately across the street from the petitioners' property, on the West side of Sproul Road, is a large strip of ground which is zoned 'Residential.'"
On December 10, 1958, the Board dismissed appellees' application for a variance, concluding that: "the proposed gasoline station would result in additional traffic problems and dangers resulting therefrom as well as have an adverse effect upon the health and welfare of surrounding property owners, let alone their financial loss;" and that "the petitioners have not shown any hardship or that they will in any way suffer any loss by the refusal of their application for a variance; on the contrary it was admitted by the petitioners' own real estate expert that the erection of a gasoline service station would result in hardship and financial loss to adjoining owners of residential properties."
An appeal was taken by the present appellees to the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County. No appearance was entered by Marple Township on behalf of its zoning board; the appeal was uncontested. On May 26, 1959, Judge TOAL, before whom the appeal was heard, on February 25, 1959, filed an Opinion and Decree Nisi declaring the zoning ordinance in question unconstitutional as applied to the present property, and ordering the issuance of a use permit to allow the present appellees' property to be used as a gasoline station. The prothonotary was directed to enter the Decree Nisi as a final Decree if no exceptions were filed within twenty days' service of notice of the filing of the Decree Nisi upon the parties or their attorneys of record.
On June 16, 1959, the last day for the filing of exceptions to the Decree Nisi, a petition to intervene was filed naming Arthur Feldman as a petitioner acting "on his own behalf and on behalf of others." The petition prayed that the Decree Nisi be revoked and the hearing of February 25, 1959, be reconvened, representing (1) that petitioners were interested persons by reason of their ownership of property which would be adversely affected by the Decree Nisi; (2) that petitioners had no notice of the proceedings before the Court of Common Pleas of February 25, 1959, until newspapers published during the week of June 8, 1959, carried articles concerning the filing of the Decree Nisi; (3) that during the hearings before the Zoning Board of Adjustment one of the petitioners had given the attorneys for the present appellee his name and address and asked to be notified of any further action contemplated by the applicant, but had received no such notice; and (4) that petitioners had no notice that the Zoning Board of Adjustment of the Township of Marple would not represent their interests in any proceedings before the Court of Common Pleas. However there was a defect in the petition, in that it failed to comply with one of the technical requirements of Pa. R. C. P. 2328(a) and 1024(c).
His name appears on the interested persons list in evidence before the Board of Adjustment.
We deem it unnecessary to recite the various rules to show cause which were granted by Judge TOAL. It will suffice to say that so far as appellants were concerned the technical defects were corrected before the hearing on the return day of the rules. The Court refused to allow the petitioners, appellants here, to intervene, stating that that was a matter not of right but of discretion of the Court, and that they were guilty of laches.
The petition to intervene was, as we have seen, corrected before the hearing. In McKay v. Beatty, 348 Pa. 286, 286-87, 35 A.2d 264, this Court appropriately declared: "Procedural rules are not ends in themselves, but means whereby justice, as expressed in legal principles, is administered. They are not to be exalted to the status of substantive objectives. . . ." See also: O'Connell v. Roefaro, 391 Pa. 52, 137 A.2d 325. The petition was in proper form when considered by the Court below and, in the interest of justice, should not have been ignored by the Court. Furthermore, there was an abuse of discretion on the part of the trial Judge in refusing to permit an amendment to the pleadings. In Arzinger v. Baughman, 348 Pa. 84, 34 A.2d 64, a case involving the application of Pa. R. C. P. 2328 and 2329 to a motion to intervene, this Court found an abuse of discretion in the trial Court's refusal to permit amendment before vacating an earlier order granting leave to intervene for noncompliance with the procedural rule. We said at page 86:
"It is well settled in this Commonwealth that while the right to amend pleadings is ordinarily a matter resting in the sound discretion of the trial court, amendments should be allowed with great liberality at any stage of the case, unless, of course, they violate the law or prejudice the rights of the opposing party (Miners Savings Bank v. Naylor, 342 Pa. 273, 20 A.2d 287); and that this Court is reluctant to foreclose a party because of the failure or neglect of his counsel when obvious injustice will be done (McFadden v. Pennzoil Company, 326 Pa. 277, 191 A. 584). Furthermore, Rule 126, Pa. R. C. P., provides: 'The rules shall be liberally construed to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action or proceeding to which they are applicable. The Court at every stage of any such action or proceeding may disregard any error or defect of procedure which does not affect the substantial rights of the parties.'"
The present appellants, as owners of property in the immediate vicinity of the property involved in the present litigation, have the requisite interest and status to become intervenors within Pa. R. C. P. 2327(4). See, e.g., Garner v. Zoning Board of Adjustment, 388 Pa. 98, 130 A.2d 148; Novello v. Zoning Board of Adjustment, 384 Pa. 294, 121 A.2d 91. As such, the order from which this appeal is taken must be tested by Pa. R. C. P. 2329.
"At any time during the pendency of an action, a person not a party thereto shall be permitted to intervene therein, subject to these rules if . . . (4) the determination of such action may affect any legally enforceable interest of such person whether or not be may be bound by a judgment in the action."
Rule 2329 provides that intervention may be refused if the interest of the petitioner is already adequately represented, or the petitioner has unduly delayed in making application for intervention, or the intervention will unduly delay, embarrass or prejudice the trial or the adjudication of the rights of the parties.
Considering all the facts and the uncontested nature of this case at the hearing before the Court of Common Pleas, it is clear that the interests of the present appellants were not adequately represented below. The petition could therefore be denied only if there had been undue delay in the application, or if allowing intervention would unduly prejudice the litigation as more particularly set forth in Rule 2329. It must be remembered that the Board of Adjustment as a quasi-judicial body which passes upon the rights of others, has no standing to appeal from a decision of the Court of Common Pleas entered on an appeal from a decision of the Board of Adjustment. Lansdowne Borough Board of Adjustment's Appeal, 313 Pa. 523, 170 A. 867; Ward's Appeal, 289 Pa. 458, 137 A.2d 630; Neville Township Auditors Report, 166 Pa. Super. 122, 70 A.2d 379.
In Schechter v. Zoning Board of Adjustment, 395 Pa. 310, 320, 149 A.2d 28, the Court said: "Prior to the entry of a final order dismissing the exceptions, either the township or the property owners could have been permitted to intervene . . . in view of the Board's inability to appeal. Cf. Robinson Township School District v. Houghton, 387 Pa. 236, 240, 128 A.2d 58." And, as was decided in Grote Trust, 390 Pa. 261, 269-270, 135 A.2d 383: "Laches arises when a defendant's position or rights are so prejudiced by length of time and inexcusable delay, plus attendant facts and circumstances, that it would be an injustice to permit presently the assertion of a claim against him. Cf. Hammond v. Hopkins, 143 U.S. 224; Barnes and Tucker Co. v. Bird Coal Co., 334 Pa. 324, 5 A.2d 146; 19 Am. Jur. §§ 498, 511; 30 C.J.S. §§ 112, 115, 119; Paull v. Paull, 384 Pa. 2, 119 A.2d 93; First National Bank of Pittston v. Lytle Coal Co., 332 Pa. 394, 3 A.2d 350." See also: Silver v. Korr, 392 Pa. 26, 139 A.2d 552. In the present case the trial Judge allowed no testimony to be taken at the hearing on the return day of the said rules to show cause, and hence on the present record the factual matters necessary to support a finding of laches, viz., inexcusable delay by one party and prejudice to the other party as a result of that delay, are totally lacking in the record.
Construing the rules of the Court of Common Pleas liberally, as we must, we are of the opinion that the Order of the lower Court constituted an abuse of discretion.
The Order of the Court below is reversed and the case is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. Costs to be paid by appellees.