Opinion
[No. 194, October Term, 1951.]
Decided May 14, 1952.
ZONING — Maryland-Washington Regional District — No Statutory Judicial Review of Zoning Action. Acts of 1939, ch. 714, Sec. 30, vesting zoning powers in Boards of County Commissioners of Montgomery County and Prince George's County, contains no express provision for judicial review of zoning action and does not embody by reference the provisions for appeals in Code (1939), Art. 66B, § 22, and the courts have no jurisdiction under that section to review zoning action of the County Council of Montgomery County, successor to the County Commissioners. pp. 253-254
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW — Judicial Review of Administrative Action. In the absence of statutory provision for appeal or other adequate review of administrative action, the proper remedy is by bill in equity to enjoin enforcement of the action alleged to be unconstitutional or arbitrary or otherwise illegal. pp. 253-254
APPEALS — From County Commissioners To Circuit Courts — Code (1939), Art. 5, § 91 — Applies Only To Decisions In Road Cases. Code (1939), Art. 5, § 91, providing for appeals from decisions or orders of the county commissioners to the circuit courts of the counties applies only to decisions in road cases. Hence, there is no appeal under that section from the decision of the County Council of Montgomery County approving the application for a permit to establish and operate a cemetery in that county and amending the zoning ordinance so as to permit such establishment. pp. 253-255
Decided May 14, 1952.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County (WOODWARD, C.J.).
Petition by Joseph R. Ertter, Margaret R. Ertter, M.G. Coplen and Henry Duckworth for an appeal from a decision of the County Council of Montgomery County approving an application of North Washington Cemetery, Inc. to establish and operate a cemetery and amending the zoning ordinance to permit such establishment. The court dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction and the petitioners appealed.
Affirmed.
The cause was argued before MARBURY, C.J., and DELAPLAINE, COLLINS, HENDERSON and MARKELL, JJ.
Submitted on brief by James R. Miller and Lee C. Miller, for appellants. J. Hodge Smith, with whom were Walter W. Dawson and Kelley Smith, on the brief, for appellee.
Appellee applied to the County Council (successor to the County Commissioners) of Montgomery County for a permit, under Chapter 702 of the Acts of 1927 ( Gordon v. Montgomery County, 164 Md. 210, 164 A. 676), to establish and operate a cemetery at a specified location, later amended. The Council, after public hearings, approved the application for a permit and amended the zoning ordinance, as then in force, so as to permit establishment of a cemetery at the amended location. Before approval of the permit, appellants and 1500 other residents of the County petitioned the Council not to grant the permit without a hearing. After the action of the Council appellants petitioned the circuit court for an appeal under section 91 of Article 5 of the Code. They alleged that the location of the cemetery will endanger the health, welfare and safety of the public in the vicinity, and will violate the zoning ordinance. On motion of appellee, the court dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction. Appellants now appeal here from the dismissal below. Of course, the jurisdictional question is the only possible basis for appeal to this court.
Reporter's Note: Code (1939).
In Bogley v. Barber, 194 Md. 632, 639, 640, 72 A.2d 17, 20, we held that the zoning act of 1939 "contains no express provision for judicial review of zoning action and does not embody by reference the provisions for appeals in Article 66B, sec. 22", and that "in the absence of statutory provision for appeal or other adequate judicial review of administrative (or legislative) action the proper remedy is by bill in equity to enjoin enforcement of the action alleged to be unconstitutional or (in case of administrative action) arbitrary or otherwise illegal." In that case section 91 of Article 5 was not mentioned.
Reporter's Note: Acts of 1939, ch. 714, sec. 30.
In Miles v. Stevenson, 80 Md. 358, 30 A. 646, and in Giessman v. Garrett County, 185 Md. 350, 363-364, 44 A.2d 862, it was pointed out that the provisions of section 91 of Article 5 originated with section 13, chapter 220, of an act of 1853 which empowered county commissioners to open and close public roads. In the Code of 1860 section 13 was codified as section 48 of Article 5, Appeals. The rest of the act, sections 1-12, was codified as sections 10, 12-28 of Article 28, County Commissioners; it is still so codified. Code of 1939, Art. 25, secs. 13, 143-159. Why section 13 was codified in Article 5 does not appear. In 1900 this section (Code of 1888, Art. 5, § 81) was narrowed by amendment. Giessman v. Garrett County, supra, 185 Md. 363, 44 A.2d 862. The amendment gives no affirmative indication that, either before or after the amendment, the section was intended to apply to matters other than road cases. An act of 1834, ch. 253, Sec. 121, relating to opening private roads, held unconstitutional in Arnsperger v. Crawford, 101 Md. 247, 61 A. 413, 70 L.R.A. 497, contained similar provision for appeal from the county commissioners to the circuit court. Giessman v. Garrett County, supra, 185 Md. 363, 44 A.2d 862. In the Codes of 1860 and 1888 this act, including the provision for appeal, was codified under County Commissioners. Code of 1888, Art. 25, sec. 117. An act of 1856, ch. 308, sec. 9, relating to bridges, and an act of 1858, ch. 271, sec. 19, relating to draining lands, contained similar provisions for appeal which were, and are, similarly codified. Code of 1939, Art. 25, secs. 35-37, 76; 1947 Supp., Sec. 54, Act of 1941, ch. 261, sec. 54.
In Miles v. Stevenson, supra, and in Giessman v. Garrett County, supra, this court said that it intimated no opinion as to what orders or decisions of the county commissioners, if any, in matters other than road cases are appealable under section 91. We might now repeat this statement. We think, however, that without undue haste we may now hold, 99 years after passage of the act of 1853 and 57 years after the decision in Miles v. Stevenson, that section 91 is applicable only to decisions in road cases.
Appeal dismissed, with costs.