Summary
In Engel v. Missouri Courts, et al., No. 4:20-cv-1258-SPM (E.D. Mo. Dec. 21, 2020), the Honorable Henry Edward Autrey cautioned plaintiff to avoid the practice of repeatedly filing frivolous and malicious complaints. Judge Autrey explained that doing so amounted to abusive litigation practices, and could affect plaintiff's future eligibility to proceed in forma pauperis, as well as potentially subject him to sanctions.
Summary of this case from Engel v. WilliamsOpinion
No. 4:20-CV-1258-SPM
12-21-2020
JOSEPH MICHAEL DEVON ENGEL, Plaintiff, v. MISSOURI COURTS, et al., Defendants.
OPINION , MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court upon the motion of plaintiff Joseph Michael Devon Engel (registration no. 1069055), an inmate at Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center ("ERDCC"), for leave to commence this action without payment of the required filing fee. ECF No. 2. For the reasons stated below, the Court finds plaintiff does not have sufficient funds to pay the entire filing fee and will assess an initial partial filing fee of $1.00. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). Furthermore, based upon a review of the complaint, the Court finds that the complaint should be dismissed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1)Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1), a prisoner bringing a civil action in forma pauperis is required to pay the full amount of the filing fee. If the prisoner has insufficient funds in his or her prison account to pay the entire fee, the Court must assess and, when funds exist, collect an initial partial filing fee of 20 percent of the greater of (1) the average monthly deposits in the prisoner's account, or (2) the average monthly balance in the prisoner's account for the prior six-month period. After payment of the initial partial filing fee, the prisoner is required to make monthly payments of 20 percent of the preceding month's income credited to the prisoner's account. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). The agency having custody of the prisoner will forward these monthly payments to the Clerk of Court each time the amount in the prisoner's account exceeds $10, until the filing fee is fully paid. Id.
Plaintiff has not submitted a prison account statement. On October 29, 2020, this Court ordered plaintiff to submit within twenty-one (21) days a certified copy of his inmate account statement for the six-month period immediately preceding the filing of this action. ECF No. 8. Plaintiff had until November 19, 2020 to comply. To date, plaintiff neither complied with this Court's Order, nor sought additional time to do so. As a result, the Court will require plaintiff to pay an initial partial filing fee of $1.00. See Henderson v. Norris, 129 F.3d 481, 484 (8th Cir. 1997) (when a prisoner is unable to provide the Court with a certified copy of his prison account statement, the Court should assess an amount "that is reasonable, based on whatever information the court has about the prisoner's finances."). If plaintiff is unable to pay the initial partial filing fee, he must submit a copy of his prison account statement in support of his claim.
28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B), the Court may dismiss a complaint filed in forma pauperis if the action is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief. An action is frivolous if "it lacks an arguable basis in either law or in fact." Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 328 (1989). Dismissals on this ground should only be ordered when legal theories are "indisputably meritless," or when the claims rely on factual allegations that are "clearly baseless." Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 31 (1992). "Clearly baseless" factual allegations include those that are "fanciful," "fantastic," and "delusional." Id. at 32-33 (quoting Neitzke, 490 U.S. at 325, 327). An action is malicious when it is undertaken for the purpose of harassing litigants and not for the purpose of vindicating a cognizable right. Spencer v. Rhodes, 656 F. Supp. 458, 461-63 (E.D.N.C. 1987), aff'd 826 F.2d 1059 (4th Cir. 1987).
To determine whether an action fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the Court must engage in a two-step inquiry. First, the Court must identify the allegations in the complaint that are not entitled to the assumption of truth. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1950-51 (2009). These include "legal conclusions" and "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action [that are] supported by mere conclusory statements." Id. at 1949. Second, the Court must determine whether the complaint states a plausible claim for relief. Id. at 1950-51. This is a "context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense." Id. at 1950. The plaintiff is required to plead facts that show more than the "mere possibility of misconduct." Id. The Court must review the factual allegations in the complaint "to determine if they plausibly suggest an entitlement to relief." Id. at 1951. When faced with alternative explanations for the alleged misconduct, the Court may exercise its judgment in determining whether plaintiff's proffered conclusion is the most plausible or whether it is more likely that no misconduct occurred. Id. at 1950, 1951-52.
The Complaint
Plaintiff brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against three defendants: the Missouri Courts, Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, and the Desoto Police Department. Plaintiff describes himself as a sovereign citizen of Alaska.
Plaintiff's handwritten statement of his claims is difficult to read as it is presented in a disjointed, stream of consciousness narration that forms no legal theory and is devoid of factual support. Plaintiff's claims appear to involve unnamed individuals "act[ing] like [he's] not diabetic;" an inability to practice his religion in privacy; being "mixed in with people that have infections;" an incident involving him going to the hospital with his pants down which later caused "innocent people [to be] question[ed] [and] maybe even charged;" "mind raping" by Jefferson County; issues with "people pulling guns on [him] in [a] Walmart parking lot" because the City of Desoto "had people thinking [he] worked for the cops;" an issue with his checking account and people purchasing "eggs and canteen" on his account, as well as "nightmares" and "bad memories in SECC." (ECF No. 1).
Plaintiff seeks one billion dollars in monetary damages, an additional three hundred million dollars from the City of Desoto "for their part they played in mind raping and harrissing [sic] people," a new Jefferson County Jail, parental rights for his children, the right to smoke at the Missouri Department of Corrections, and fifty million dollars to be given to the United Methodist Church.
Plaintiff subsequently filed a supplemental document complaining about "the way [he is] being treated in ERDCC," ECF No. 7, and a second supplemental document asking for "trillions" of dollars from various state agencies and government employees as well as stocks in various corporations. ECF No. 9. These supplements do not appear to relate to any of the named defendants in the instant action or the allegations in his complaint.
Discussion
Plaintiff's complaint is legally frivolous because the defendant entities cannot be sued under § 1983. First, a suit against a state court is, in effect, a suit against the State of Missouri. The State of Missouri, however, is absolutely immune from liability under § 1983 in absence of a waiver. See Will v. Michigan Dept. of State Police, 491 U.S. 58, 63 (1989); Morstad v. Dep't of Corr. & Rehab., 147 F.3d 741, 744 (8th Cir. 1998). Second, police and sheriff's departments are not suable entities under § 1983. See Ketchum v. City of West Memphis, Ark., 974 F.2d 81, 82 (8th Cir. 1992); (departments or subdivisions of local government are "not juridical entities suable as such"); De La Garza v. Kandiyohi County Jail, 2001 WL 987542, at *1 (8th Cir. 2001) (sheriff's departments and police departments are not usually considered legal entities subject to suit under § 1983); and Crigler v. City of St. Louis, 767 F. Supp. 197, 198 (E.D. Mo. 1991) (police department is not a suable entity).
Additionally, plaintiff's allegations are factually frivolous as they lack an arguable basis in either law or in fact. Reading the complaint as a whole, the Court cannot determine exactly what plaintiff is attempting to allege. Plaintiff provides a litany of claims ranging from complaints about his low blood sugar, his housing situation, an incident where he reported to the hospital with his pants down and innocent people were charged, individuals using his prison account to purchase canteen items, "mind raping," shootings that occurred in a Walmart parking lot, and nightmares. Plaintiff provides no factual support for these claims or how his allegations specifically relate to the named defendants in this action or to each other. Plaintiff also provides no plausible basis for his bizarre requests for relief, which includes one billion dollars, three hundred million dollars from non-defendant City of Desoto, fifty million dollars to go the United Methodist Church, the right to smoke, and parental rights. The supplemental documents he filed involve claims unrelated to the three named defendants in this action and expands his request for relief to trillions of dollars from non-defendants and stock options in large corporations. Therefore, the Court finds that the plaintiff's statement of claim and prayer for relief are clearly baseless and factually frivolous as defined in Denton.
As of the date of this Order, this action is one of forty-three (43) civil complaints plaintiff has filed in this Court since September 11, 2020, most of which were filed in forma pauperis and composed in roughly the same factually unsupported and disjointed manner. Many of the complaints he has filed are brought against the same governmental entities or employees of those entities and involve similar factual allegations. For example, including the instant case, plaintiff has filed six separate lawsuits against the Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, two lawsuits against the Missouri Courts, and three lawsuits against the Desoto Police Department. Notably, included within the first supplemental document filed in this case, ECF No. 9, is his request for "about 40 more 1983 Civil Rights Complaint forms." Based on the history of plaintiff's filings, it appears the instant complaint is part of an effort to harass the named defendants rather than vindicate a cognizable right. It therefore appears the complaint is malicious, and is subject to dismissal for this reason, as well. Spencer, 656 F. Supp. at 461-63.
Engel v. Desoto City Council, et al., 4:20-cv-1731-AGF (filed Dec. 4, 2020); Engel v. Jefferson County Sheriff's Department, et al., 4:20-cv-1226-MTS (filed Sept. 9, 2020); Engel v. Jefferson County, et al., 4:20-cv-1687-HEA (filed Nov. 23, 2020); Engel v. Corizon Medical, et al., 4:20-cv-1507-RLW (filed Oct. 16, 2020); and Engel v. Senator for Missouri, et al., 4:20-cv-1522-NCC (filed Oct. 21, 2020).
Engel v. Judge Missey, et al., 4:20-cv-1767-SRC (filed Dec. 10, 2020).
Engel v. CO1, et al., 4:20-cv-1686-JMB (filed Nov. 23, 2020) and Engel v. Desoto City Council, et al., 4:20-cv-1731-AGF (filed Dec. 4, 2020). --------
In consideration of plaintiff's recent history of filing duplicative and meritless litigation and the manner in which he has filed his complaints, including the instant complaint, the Court finds it would be futile to permit plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint in this action.
Plaintiff is cautioned to avoid the practice of filing frivolous and malicious complaints, and to avoid the practice of abusing the judicial process by repeatedly filing duplicative lawsuits. Inmates who are frequent filers of frivolous lawsuits are subject to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), which limits a prisoner's ability to obtain in forma pauperis status if he has filed at least three actions that have been dismissed as frivolous, malicious, or for failure to state a claim:
In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action . . . under this section if the prisoner has, on three or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action . . . in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Additionally, it is well settled in the Eighth Circuit that this Court is "vested with the discretion to impose sanctions upon a party under its inherent disciplinary power." See Bass v. General Motors Corp., 150 F.3d 842, 851 (8th Cir. 1998). This includes the discretion to craft and impose sanctions to deter litigants from engaging in "conduct which abuses the judicial process." Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 43-45 (1991); see also In In re Tyler, 839 F.2d 1290, 1292 (8th Cir. 1988) (affirmed the district court's sua sponte determination that the plaintiff should be limited to filing one lawsuit per month pursuant to certain conditions precedent as a sanction for the litigant's repeated abuse of the judicial process). These powers stem from "the control necessarily vested in courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases." Id. (quoting Link v. Wabash R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 630-31 (1962)).
Accordingly,
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiff's motion to proceed in forma pauperis [ECF No. 2] is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the plaintiff shall pay an initial filing fee of $1.00 within thirty (30) days of the date of this Order. Plaintiff is instructed to make his remittance payable to "Clerk, United States District Court," and to include upon it: (1) his name; (2) his prison registration number; (3) the case number; and (4) that the remittance is for an original proceeding.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that plaintiff's motion for appointment of counsel [Doc. #3] is DENIED as moot.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this action is DISMISSED pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).
An Order of Dismissal will accompany this Memorandum and Order. Dated this 21st day of December, 2020.
/s/_________
HENRY EDWARD AUTREY
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE