Opinion
No. 2 CA-CV 2017-0002
09-14-2017
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT LEGAL INSTITUTE, Plaintiff/Appellee, v. ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS, AN EDUCATIONAL, NON-PROFIT CORPORATION; AND TERI MOORE, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS CUSTODIAN OF PUBLIC RECORDS FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, Defendants/Appellants.
COUNSEL The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, Burke, Virginia By David W. Schnare and Scharf-Norton Center for Constitutional Litigation at the Goldwater Institute, Phoenix By Jonathan Riches Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee Perkins Coie, LLP, Phoenix By Daniel C. Barr and Alexis E. Danneman and Waterfall Economidis Caldwell Hanshaw & Villamana, P.C., Tucson By D. Michael Mandig and Corey B. Larson Counsel for Defendants/Appellants Mayer Brown LLP, New York, New York By Andrew L. Frey and Karen W. Lin and Osborn Maledon, P.A., Phoenix By Shane M. Ham Counsel for Amici Curiae American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Meteorological Society, Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, National Academy of Sciences, and Union of Concerned Scientists Fennemore Craig, Phoenix By Timothy J. Berg and Theresa Dwyer Counsel for Amici Curiae Dr. Malcolm Hughes and Dr. Jonathan Overpeck and Fennemore Craig, Phoenix By John P. Kaites and Kristen M. Lee Counsel for Amicus Curiae Pfizer, Inc.
THIS DECISION DOES NOT CREATE LEGAL PRECEDENT AND MAY NOT BE CITED EXCEPT AS AUTHORIZED BY APPLICABLE RULES.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
See Ariz. R. Sup. Ct. 111(c)(1); Ariz. R. Civ. App. P. 28(a)(1), (f). Appeal from the Superior Court in Pima County
No. C20134963
The Honorable James E. Marner, Judge
REVERSED AND REMANDED
COUNSEL The Free Market Environmental Law Clinic, Burke, Virginia
By David W. Schnare and Scharf-Norton Center for Constitutional Litigation at the
Goldwater Institute, Phoenix
By Jonathan Riches
Counsel for Plaintiff/Appellee Perkins Coie, LLP, Phoenix
By Daniel C. Barr and Alexis E. Danneman and Waterfall Economidis Caldwell Hanshaw & Villamana, P.C., Tucson
By D. Michael Mandig and Corey B. Larson
Counsel for Defendants/Appellants Mayer Brown LLP, New York, New York
By Andrew L. Frey and Karen W. Lin and Osborn Maledon, P.A., Phoenix
By Shane M. Ham
Counsel for Amici Curiae American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Meteorological Society, Climate Science Legal Defense Fund, National Academy of Sciences, and Union of Concerned Scientists Fennemore Craig, Phoenix
By Timothy J. Berg and Theresa Dwyer
Counsel for Amici Curiae Dr. Malcolm Hughes and Dr. Jonathan Overpeck and Fennemore Craig, Phoenix
By John P. Kaites and Kristen M. Lee
Counsel for Amicus Curiae Pfizer, Inc.
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Chief Judge Eckerstrom authored the decision of the Court, in which Presiding Judge Vásquez and Judge Eppich concurred. ECKERSTROM, Chief Judge:
¶1 The facts of this case are as described in this court's prior memorandum decision, Energy & Environment Legal Institute v. Arizona Board of Regents, No. 2 CA-CV 2015-0086, ¶¶ 2-3 (Ariz. App. Dec. 3, 2015) (mem. decision). After remand, the trial court determined the e-mails sought by Energy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E) that had been characterized as "prepublication critical analysis, unpublished data, analysis, research, results, drafts, and commentary," were subject to release under A.R.S. § 39-121, concluding that Arizona Board of Regents (Board) had "not met its burden justifying its decision to withhold the subject emails." The trial court also awarded E&E its costs and attorney fees.
¶2 The Board now appeals, claiming the trial court failed to apply A.R.S. § 15-1640. It also claims that, for any emails that are not covered by § 15-1640, the court erred in its application of the balancing test articulated in Mathews v. Pyle, 75 Ariz. 76, 251 P.2d 893 (1952). For the following reasons, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and remand for further proceedings consistent with this decision.
¶3 The trial court's decision did not refer to § 15-1640. E&E argues the court must nonetheless have considered the statute, given that the parties argued extensively about its meaning and application to this case. E&E also claims the court's findings demonstrate that it considered this statute, even if it did not refer to it specifically.
¶4 We note, however, that the trial court's decision concludes that "the creation of an academic privilege exception . . . is a proposition more properly made to the legislature rather than the courts." Section 15-1640, although it is not titled as an "academic privilege," grants an exemption from Arizona public records law for certain "records of a university." The trial court's comment seems to demonstrate that the court did not consider the application of § 15-1640 and was not aware the legislature had already created an academic privilege.
¶5 Moreover, the court identified the documents at issue as "prepublication critical analysis, unpublished data, analysis, research, results, drafts, and commentary." Section 15-1640(A)(1)(d) excludes from public disclosure "unpublished research data" and "drafts of scientific papers." Section 15-1640(A)(1)(b) exempts from disclosure information "[d]eveloped by persons employed by a university . . . if the disclosure of this data or material would be contrary to the best interests of this state." Neither of these exemptions apply "if the subject matter of the records becomes available to the general public." A.R.S. § 15-1640(C). The court's ruling does not explain if it decided that the documents in question did not fall within either subsection (b) or (d), or if it decided that the exemptions were inapplicable because of the limitations expressed in section (C).
¶6 Because the trial court's ruling makes no findings concerning the application of § 15-1640, we decline to do so in the first instance. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the trial court, including the award of attorney fees, and remand this case for further proceedings in accordance with this decision.
E&E has asserted a claim of attorney fees pursuant to A.R.S. § 39-121.02. Because E&E has not "substantially prevailed," we deny the claim. A.R.S. § 39-121.02(B). --------