Opinion
No. 570635/08.
April 23, 2009.
APPEAL from an amended judgment of the Civil Court of the City of New York, Bronx County (Fernando Tapia, J.), entered February 7, 2006. The judgment, insofar as appealed from, upon a jury verdict, awarded plaintiff damages for false arrest in the aggregate amount of $850,000. The appeal brings up for review a posttrial order, entered February 14, 2005, which denied defendants' motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the false arrest claim.
Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel, New York City ( John Hogrogian, Pamela Seider Dolgow and Margaret G. King of counsel), for appellants. Bader, Yakaitis Nonnenmacher, LLP and Pollack, Pollack, Isaac De Cicco, New York City ( Brian J. Isaac and Catherine A. Sheridan of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McKEON, P.J. and SCHOENFELD, JJ., concur.
OPINION OF THE COURT
Amended judgment, entered February 7, 2005, to the extent appealed from, reversed, without costs, defendants' motion to set aside the jury verdict on the false arrest claim granted and plaintiff's false arrest cause of action dismissed. The Clerk is directed to enter a further amended judgment accordingly.
Defendants' motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict on plaintiff's false arrest claim should have been granted. The existence of probable cause serves as a legal justification for an arrest and an affirmative defense to a false arrest claim ( see Martinez v City of Schenectady, 97 NY2d 78). The trial evidence, including plaintiff's own testimony, showed that plaintiff, following her arrest, was issued a summons for the offense of excessive horn honking ( see Administrative Code of City of NY former § 24-221 [a]; CPL 140.10 [a]). At a subsequent hearing before an administrative judge of the Environmental Control Board, plaintiff was found to have violated the Code and assessed a civil penalty. On this record, and in the absence of any evidence that the administrative ruling was overruled on appeal, dismissal of the false arrest claim is required as a matter of law since probable cause for plaintiff's arrest was established ( see Broughton v State of New York, 37 NY2d 451, cert denied sub nom. Schanbarger v Kellogg, 423 US 929). Lack of probable cause to arrest or prosecute is an essential element of false arrest ( see Rivera v City of New York, 40 AD3d 334).
Even assuming that defendants did not have probable cause to arrest, the jury's award of $850,000 on the false arrest claim for three hours of detainment was clearly excessive and beyond any rational limit ( see Sital v City of New York, 60 AD3d 465 [$500,000 award for 20 hours in custody reduced to $150,000]; Landow v Town of Amherst, 49 AD3d 1236 [$10,000 reasonable for the humiliation and embarrassment suffered during four hours in custody]; Gutierrez v City of New York, 288 AD2d 86 [$500 for "one day period" absent any evidence of physical or other injuries]). To the extent plaintiff established that she sustained physical injuries, the jury awarded her $100,000 for those injuries on her assault claim, a verdict which defendants do not challenge on appeal.