Opinion
Argued September 16, 1977
December 21, 1977.
Workmen's compensation — Accident — The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act, Act 1915, June 2, P.L. 736 — Burden of proof — Unusual strain doctrine — Unusual activity — Sufficient evidence — Heavy lifting.
1. Prior to amendments in 1972 to The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act, Act 1915, June 2, P.L. 736, an applicant for workmen's compensation benefits was required to prove the occurrence of an accident. [106-7]
2. In an workmen's compensation case injury and death can be found to be the result of an accident under the unusual strain doctrine, if the claimant proves that death or injury resulted from heavy lifting or exertion at work which was unusual in light of the work history of the individual. [108]
3. Evidence that a workmen's compensation claimant stated that something was heavy without connecting the statement to a work-related incident and without evidence that any heavy exertion at work was unusual in the claimant's work pattern is insufficient to establish the occurrence of an accident under the unusual strain doctrine. [108-9-10]
Argued September 16, 1977, before Judges CRUMLISH, JR., WILKINSON, JR. and ROGERS, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 1795 C.D. 1976, from the Order of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board in case of Dorothy Elko v. Atlantic Richfield Co., Inc., No. A-71386.
Petition with Department of Labor and Industry for workmen's compensation death benefits. Benefits awarded. Employer appealed to the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board. Appeal sustained. Applicant appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Joseph P. Briglia, for petitioner.
Roger B. Wood, with him David L. Pennington; Harvey, Pennington, Herting Renneisen, Ltd., and James N. Diefenderfer, for respondents.
Dorothy Elko (Claimant) appeals a decision of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board (Board) which reversed an award of benefits made by the referee pursuant to a fatal claim petition.
Claimant's husband, Paul Elko (Decedent), was last employed by the Atlantic-Richfield Company (Employer) as a "general job mechanic." The transition of events as they occurred on October 16, 1970, Decedent's last day of employment, is in dispute. It is Claimant's position that Decedent was engaged in the lifting of a "heavy plank," while at work, causing a dissecting aortic aneurysm resulting in his death. Employer's foreman, on the other hand, testified that Decedent was assisting five or six men in removing a "grating" in the compressor room weighing between 150 and 175 pounds in order to have access to the compressor bottle beneath it. Noticing that Decedent "looked a little gray," the foreman instructed Decedent to take a break. According to the foreman's testimony, a few minutes later another employee "came tearing to me riding a bicycle" and informed him that Decedent looked seriously ill. The foreman then signaled for an ambulance which took Decedent to Methodist Hospital. Subsequently, he was moved to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital where he died on October 17, 1970, following surgery. Over Employer's objection, the referee admitted a statement made by Decedent to Claimant after surgery and shortly before death that "[i]t was heavy, so heavy." Without ruling on the admissibility of this statement, for reasons hereinafter mentioned, we find this statement alone, or in conjunction with other testimony, insufficient to meet Claimant's burden of proving an "accident."
Decedent was also described in the testimony before the referee as a boilermaker.
This version of the events is supported by a statement within the medical history section of the hospital records compiled at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital.
This ambiguous and unqualified statement is the only conversation between Decedent and Claimant to which Claimant testified.
Since this injury occurred in October of 1970, the 1972 Amendments to The Pennsylvania Workmen's Compensation Act (Act), which no longer require a claimant to prove an "accident" for an injury to be compensable, are not here relevant. See Kunigonis v. H. P. Foley, Inc., 28 Pa. Commw. 73, 367 A.2d 763 (1977). Rather, we are once again confronted with a determination of whether a compensable "accident" has occurred.
Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P. S. § 1 et seq.
As we noted in Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board v. Jeddo Highland Coal Co., 19 Pa. Commw. 90, 93, 338 A.2d 744, 746 (1975), by deleting the word "accident" from Section 301 (c), 77 P. S. § 411, and substituting for it the word "injury" in other sections, the Legislature has made it clear that injuries sustained after May 1, 1972, are compensable if (1) they arise in the course of employment and (2) are related thereto.
In Hinkle v. H. J. Heinz Co., 7 Pa. Commw. 216, 222, 298 A.2d 632, 635 (1972), we said that there are four basic categories of accidents, including (1) a sudden unexpected traumatic event such as a fall or blow; (2) unusual exertion in the course of work causing an unexpected and sudden injury; (3) an unusual pathological result of an ordinary condition of work; and (4) sudden and unexpected injury caused by the failure of an employer to furnish medical care to an employee. It is the second category above which is the subject of this appeal.
It is Claimant's contention that Decedent's death was as the result of an injury within the unusual strain doctrine and therefore compensable as an "accident" under the Act. As we said in B. G. Coon Construction Co. v. Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board, 15 Pa. Commw. 484, 487, 326 A.2d 656, 658 (1974):
[U]nder the unusual strain doctrine there can be no recovery unless a claimant proves that the death or injury resulted from overexertion or unusual strain encountered in the course of his employment. This doctrine is to be applied in light of the work history of the individual involved and not according to the work patterns of his profession in general. (Emphasis added.)
Clearly, Claimant is required to carry the burden of proving that the death resulted from an accident and, as stated above, she may do this by proving her husband's death resulted from an unusual exertion or strain. Szcykalski v. Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board, 22 Pa. Commw. 159, 348 A.2d 442 (1975).
The referee made Finding of Fact No. 2, which follows in part:
2. . . . All of the aforesaid injury and subsequent development were caused when claimant's decedent was stricken immediately following heavy lifting in the course of his employment with the defendant to which he was unaccustomed in his usual occupation which occurred when he and several fellow workmen were removing the iron or steel grating from a section of the defendant's compression room floor.
Based upon this finding and the referee's ruling that the Decedent's statement to Claimant that "it was heavy, so heavy" was admissible, the referee concluded that Decedent had sustained a compensable injury and granted benefits.
Upon Employer's appeal, the Board found that the record contains no evidence upon which the Referee could base his finding that the decedent engaged in: '. . . heavy lifting in the course of his employment with the defendant to which he was unaccustomed in his usual occupation. . . .'
The Board then assumed arguendo that the deathbed statement of Decedent was admissible but reasoned further that this statement was irrelevant to the issue of whether this work in question was unusual in light of the work history of the Decedent. Rather, the Board noted that
[T]he only testimony on that issue was given by Defendant's witness William Mulligan.
We note that aside from the bald statement by the Referee in Finding of Fact No. 2 that the lifting which decedent had been involved in was work to which he 'was unaccustomed in his usual occupation,' the Referee does not cite any facts or testimony to support this statement.
We have read and reread Mr. Mulligan's testimony and can find nothing to support the Referee's finding that the decedent's activities were unusual.
On the contrary, his entire testimony is to the effect that the decedent was a member of a work gang engaged in the procedures usually used by that gang in the repair of a defective compressor.
Counsel for the Defendant specifically asked Mr. Mulligan about the nature of the work that morning:
Q. The work that you were doing that day is normal work for your gang?
A. Yes sir.
Our careful scrutiny of the record supports the Board's view that the referee's finding that Decedent was engaged in heavy lifting to which he was unaccustomed is without support. Decedent's statement that it was heavy provides no indication of whether he had been lifting the heavy object referred to, whether this occurred while at work, or what is more important, whether it was unusual for him to have done so.
Having vacated the finding on the issue of unusual strain, the Board was not in error in concluding that Claimant failed to meet her burden of proving that a compensable accident had occurred.
Accordingly, we
ORDER
AND NOW, this 21st day of December, 1977, the decision of the Workmen's Compensation Appeal Board is hereby affirmed.