Opinion
March 21, 1996
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Bronx County (Barry Salman, J.).
Plaintiff's version of this construction site accident in which he was injured is, for purposes of this appeal, undisputed. As testified to at his deposition, plaintiff, an employee of Fred Todino, was excavating a ditch that at the time was 8 to 9 1/2 feet deep. The dirt removed from the ditch or trench was put into a "bucket" that was part of a truck or crane. The "crane" was a backhoe machine with a "bucket" that was actually a large scoop attached to a mechanical arm.
Plaintiff was "sort of in command" that day, "telling the others what to do", and this included telling the crane/backhoe operator when to lower the bucket into the trench. Before the accident, he told and hand signalled the crane/backhoe operator that he was about to go into the ditch and that the operator should not move the machine. As plaintiff was beginning to lower himself into the ditch by holding on to the side of the trench at street level, intending to step down upon wood slats that were constructed as makeshift steps along the walls of the trench, the bucket of the backhoe came down on his left hand and crushed it. He did not fall into the trench, but held onto a water pipe with his other hand and leaned on the pipe. At the time, his feet were not touching anything.
The IAS Court erred to the extent it relied on an engineer's opinion in determining whether Labor Law § 240 applies to the particular circumstances of plaintiff's accident ( see, Rodriguez v New York City Hous. Auth., 209 A.D.2d 260). Although the expert opined that the bucket might sway on its hinge as a result of gravity, there was no competent evidence in admissible form presented on this motion that this is in fact what occurred. To the contrary, the only evidence in the record establishes that the backhoe bucket crushed plaintiff's hand, not because of gravity, but because of its mechanical operation by an allegedly negligent co-worker. Thus, Labor Law § 240 (1) is not implicated ( see, Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co., 81 N.Y.2d 494, 500-501; Misseritti v Mark IV Constr. Co., 86 N.Y.2d 487) and the plaintiff's cause of action premised on this provision should have been dismissed.
Regarding plaintiff's cause of action brought pursuant to Labor Law § 241 (6), we note that the specific Industrial Code regulation relating to the dangerous proximity of workers to excavation equipment is not a mere general regulatory provision declaratory of common law principles ( see, e.g., Lehner v Dormitory Auth., 221 A.D.2d 958). The IAS Court therefore properly denied summary judgment to defendant Fred Todino on this issue.
As to plaintiff's claims that defendants Todino Sewer and FV are vicariously liable pursuant to Labor Law § 241 (6), we note that section 5.01 of the contract between the Carlin defendants and FV imposes upon FV more than the mere general supervisory responsibilities that have been held insufficient to impose vicarious liability ( cf., Tambasco v Norton Co., 207 A.D.2d 618, 621-622, lv dismissed 85 N.Y.2d 857). In any event, the duties imposed by Labor Law § 241 (6) on owners and contractors are non-delegable ( see, Ross v Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co., 81 N.Y.2d, supra, at 502). The IAS Court therefore correctly denied summary judgment to these defendants on their asserted ground that they did not actually supervise.
Although there may have been issues of fact with respect to Fred Todino's and FV's contractual control over the work, the record does not establish that they exercised actual control of how the backhoe was operated. The danger here arose from the contractor's method of operation and no liability attaches vicariously under Labor Law § 200 or under the common law ( see, Prestigiacomo v St. Regis Hotel, 221 A.D.2d 215; Brezinski v Olympia York Water St. Co., 218 A.D.2d 633, 634; Balaj v Equitable Life Assur. Socy., 211 A.D.2d 487, lv denied 85 N.Y.2d 811; Mandelos v Karavasidis, 86 N.Y.2d 767, 769, affg 213 A.D.2d 518 [as to dismissal of common law negligence claim]). The IAS Court should have dismissed these claims.
While the record reveals the occasional physical presence of an FV superintendent at the construction site, it contains no evidence that FV actually controlled plaintiff's work. Its liability would therefore be entirely vicarious with respect to Labor Law § 241 (6), the only cause of action properly remaining. Accordingly, FV was entitled to summary judgment on its indemnification claim ( see, Chapel v Mitchell, 84 N.Y.2d 345, 347; Guillory v Nautilus Real Estate, 208 A.D.2d 336, 339, appeal dismissed and lv denied 86 N.Y.2d 881).
Concur — Rosenberger, J.P., Wallach, Rubin, Nardelli and Mazzarelli, JJ.