Opinion
No. 16-CV-97-LRR
03-29-2017
ROSE EADS, Mother and Next Friend of A.E. and J.E., the Minor Children of John L. Eads, Deceased, Plaintiff, v. NANCY A. BERRYHILL, Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant.
ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION AND RELEVANT PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The matter before the court is Plaintiff Rose Eads's "Application for Attorneys Fees Under the Equal Access to Justice Act" ("Motion") (docket no. 14), which she filed on February 20, 2017. In the Motion, Eads seeks an award, pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act ("EAJA"), 28 U.S.C. § 2412, for attorney fees in the amount of $1,849.71 and costs in the amount of $400. See Motion at 2-3. Eads further states that any award granted should be paid to her attorney. See id. at 2. On February 23, 2017, Defendant Commissioner of Social Security filed a Response (docket no. 15), stating that she does not object to the fees requested and specifically requesting that the court direct the attorneys fees to be paid by the Social Security Administration and costs to be paid from the Judgment Fund. See Response at 1-2. The Commissioner further states that any award must be "payable to [Eads] as the litigant" because it "may be subject to offset to satisfy a pre-existing debt that the litigant owes to the United States." Id. at 2. The matter is fully submitted and ready for decision.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Applicable Law
The EAJA permits a "prevailing party" to apply for attorney fees and other expenses in any civil action brought by or against the United States, including applications for judicial review of agency actions. See 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A). A prevailing party is entitled to such fees and expenses "unless the court finds that the position of the United States was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an award unjust." Id.
A party seeking fees and expenses must clear several preliminary hurdles before an award is proper. An application for attorney fees must be made within thirty days of final judgment in the underlying action and must "show[] that the party is a prevailing party and is eligible to receive an award under" the EAJA. Id. § 2412(d)(1)(B). A party applying for fees must provide the court with an itemized statement from his or her attorney stating "the actual time expended and the rate at which fees and other expenses were computed." Id. The party must also allege that the United States's position was not substantially justified. Id. If the party is an individual, as here, such individual's net worth must not exceed $2,000,000 at the time the action was filed. Id. § 2412(d)(2)(B). Furthermore, Congress has placed a cap on the rate at which fees may be awarded—"attorney fees shall not be awarded in excess of $125 per hour unless the court determines that an increase in the cost of living or a special factor . . . justifies a higher fee." Id. § 2412(d)(2)(A).
Functionally, this requires parties to file such application no later than ninety days from the date that judgment is entered. See Shalala v. Schaefer, 509 U.S. 292, 302 (1993) ("An EAJA application may be filed until [thirty] days after a judgment becomes 'not appealable'—i.e., [thirty] days after the time for appeal has ended. Rule 4(a) of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure establishes that, in a civil case to which a federal officer is a party, the time for appeal does not end until [sixty] days after 'entry of judgment' . . . ." (citations omitted)). --------
With regard to whether the United States's position was substantially justified, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has stated:
A position enjoys substantial justification if it has a clearly reasonable basis in law and fact. Accordingly, the Commissioner can advance a losing position in the district court and still avoid the imposition of a fee award as long as the Commissioner's position had a reasonable basis in law and fact. Further, a loss on the merits by the Commissioner does not give rise to a presumption that she lacked substantial justification for her position. The Commissioner does, however, at all times bear the burden to prove substantial justification.Goad v. Barnhart, 398 F.3d 1021, 1025 (8th Cir. 2005) (citations omitted); see also Sawyers v. Shalala, 990 F.2d 1033, 1034 (8th Cir. 1993) ("To be substantially justified, the [Commissioner] must show that her position was 'justified to a degree that could satisfy a reasonable person.'" (quoting Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 565 (1988))). Relatedly, "[t]he special circumstances exception is intended to protect the [United States] when it attempts to enforce the law by asserting 'novel but credible extensions and interpretations of the law.'" United States v. Q Int'l Courier, Inc., 221 F.3d 1345, at *1 (8th Cir. 2000) (unpublished table opinion) (quoting U.S. Dep't of Labor v. Rapid Robert's Inc., 130 F.3d 345, 347 (8th Cir. 1997)); see also Jackson v. Bowen, 807 F.2d 127, 128 n.3 (8th Cir. 1986).
In Astrue v. Ratliff, the Supreme Court held that any fees awarded pursuant to the EAJA should be awarded directly to the litigant, rather than the litigant's attorney. See 560 U.S. 586, 593 (2010). Therefore, if the recipient of an award under the EAJA "owes certain delinquent federal debts," the government is entitled to offset the fees award by the debts owed by the litigant. See id. at 589-90 (citing 31 U.S.C. §§ 3701, 3711(a), 3716(a)). Therefore, litigants may not assign their rights to an EAJA fees award to their attorneys and courts are not at liberty to alter the dictates of the Ratliff holding—courts in this district routinely refuse to award fees directly to a party's attorney, even if such party assigned the right to collect such fees to his or her attorney. See, e.g., Stout v. Colvin, No. C14-3037-LTS, 2016 WL 6436596, at *2 (N.D. Iowa Oct. 28, 2016); Tracy v. Colvin, No. C 11-3072-MWB, 2013 WL 1213125, at *2 (N.D. Iowa Mar. 25, 2013) ("I do not interpret Ratliff to allow me to award fees directly to a litigant's attorney, even where the litigant has assigned EAJA fees to his attorney."). However, courts have authorized the payments to be forwarded to a litigant's attorney, after any applicable offset, if it is consistent with the relevant agency or department's practices. See Stout, 2016 WL 6436596, at *2; Tracy, 2013 WL 1213125, at *3.
B. Application
Here, the court finds that Plaintiff has cleared the preliminary hurdles to proceed with her fee application. Plaintiff is the prevailing party in the underlying dispute. See Ratliff, 560 U.S. at 591 ("We have long held that the term 'prevailing party' in fee statutes is a 'term of art' that refers to the prevailing litigant."). The court further finds that the Commissioner has not shown either a substantial justification or special circumstances to preclude an award of attorney's fees. By stating that the Commissioner has no objection to the award requested, the court finds that, at the least, the Commissioner has failed to carry her burden of establishing that her position was substantially justified. The court further notes that the Commissioner has advanced no facts or arguments regarding whether special circumstances exist to preclude a fees award. The court further finds that Plaintiff has established that the hourly rates requested for attorney time are permissible and the hours requested are reasonable. See Exhibit 1 (docket no. 14-1). The total award is reasonable and non-excessive.
III. CONCLUSION
In light of the foregoing, the Motion (docket no. 14) is GRANTED. Eads is hereby awarded attorney fees pursuant to the EAJA in the amount of $1,849.71, to be paid by the Social Security Administration, and costs in the amount of $400 to be paid from the Judgment Fund, which is subject to offset for any debts Eads may owe to the United States. Such award should be payable directly to Eads in accordance with Astrue v. Ratliff, 560 U.S. 586 (2010).
IT IS SO ORDERED.
DATED this 29th day March, of 2017.
/s/_________
LINDA R. READE, JUDGE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF IOWA