Opinion
February 1, 2001.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Best, J.), entered September 17, 1999 in Fulton County, which denied certain defendants' motions for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against them.
Murphy, Burns, Barber Murphy L.L.P. (Norah M. Murphy of counsel), Albany, for City of Gloversville, appellant.
Ainsworth, Sullivan, Tracy, Knauf, Warner Ruslander P.C. (Rebecca A. Slezak of counsel), Albany, for James S. Isabella and another, appellants.
Frank M. Purtorti Jr., P.C. (Vincent W. Versaci of counsel), Schenectady, for respondent.
Before: Cardona, P.J., Mercure, Crew III, Peters and Rose, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Plaintiff was a passenger on a bus owned by defendant City of Gloversville and operated by defendant Robert F. Sprung when it collided with a motor vehicle owned by defendant H P Motors Inc. and operated by defendant James S. Isabella. Asserting that neck injuries resulted from the collision, plaintiff brought this negligence action against defendants. Following the filing of a trial note of issue, all defendants except Sprung moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground that plaintiff did not sustain a serious injury as defined in Insurance Law § 5102 (d). In support of their motions, defendants presented medical records of plaintiff's treating physicians and the report of an independent medical examination to demonstrate that there were no objective findings to substantiate plaintiff's continued subjective complaints of neck pain. Plaintiff opposed the motions with an evaluation by David Cerniglia, a chiropractor who examined plaintiff once some two years after the accident and opined that he suffered from permanent chronic cervical sprain, ligamentous injury, cervical instability and degenerative joint tissue. Supreme Court denied defendants' motions, finding that plaintiff's submissions raised triable issues of fact. Defendants now appeal and we reverse.
It appears that Sprung was never served and did not appear in the action. Future use of the word "defendants" will refer to all of the remaining defendants.
Initially, by presenting the records and opinions of three orthopedists who had examined plaintiff and were unable to make objective findings confirming his alleged injuries, defendants shifted the burden to plaintiff to raise triable issues of fact as to whether he sustained a serious injury under one or more of the categories set forth in Insurance Law § 5102 (d) (see, Gaddy v. Eyler, 79 N.Y.2d 955, 956-957;Tankersley v. Szesnat, 235 A.D.2d 1010, 1012).
In determining whether plaintiff has responded with "competent medical evidence based upon objective medical findings and diagnostic tests to support [his] claims" (Fountain v. Sullivan, 261 A.D.2d 795, 796), we note that Cerniglia's statement is insufficient to defeat defendants' motions because the results of the cervical compression and range of motion tests he described were based solely on plaintiff's subjective complaints of pain upon movement and compression of his cervical spine (see, Crandall v. Sledziewski, 260 A.D.2d 754, 757, lv denied 93 N.Y.2d 811; Broderick v. Spaeth, 241 A.D.2d 898, 900, lv denied 91 N.Y.2d 805). Even though Cerniglia identified the active and passive tests performed and quantified the limited range of motion of plaintiff's cervical spine (see, Fountain v. Sullivan, supra, at 796), he candidly conceded that his testing "involve[d] subjective input" by requiring plaintiff to "communicate * * * when he felt pain in response to the stimuli applied and/or test performed". While it is true that objective diagnoses can be legitimately based on some subjective input by patients (see, Cowley v. Crocker, 186 A.D.2d 939, 940, lv denied 81 N.Y.2d 703), in this case Cerniglia fails to explain in any detail how the tests performed on plaintiff "would rule out false inputs" (id., at 940). Also, Cerniglia's opinion is neither based on the perspective that might have been gained by examination and treatment of plaintiff over the course of time nor supported by the relevant notes and records (cf.,Lopez v. Senatore, 65 N.Y.2d 1017; Tompkins v. Burtnick, 236 A.D.2d 708;Parker v. Defontaine-Stratton, 231 A.D.2d 412, 413).
ORDERED that the order is reversed, on the law, with one bill of costs, motions granted, summary judgment awarded to the moving defendants and complaint dismissed.