Opinion
13511N, 16893/94, 16954/96, 17408/94
03-31-2015
Gloria DOOMES, etc., Plaintiff–Respondent, v. BEST TRANSIT CORP., et al., Defendants–Respondents, SIM Corp., doing business as Prison Gap, et al., Defendants, Warrick Industries, Inc., doing business as Goshen Coach, Defendant–Appellant. Ana Jiminian, etc., Plaintiff–Respondent, v. Best Transit Corp., et al., Defendants–Respondents, Ford Motor Co., et al., Defendants, Warrick Industries, Inc., doing business as Goshen Coach, Defendant–Appellant. Kelli Rivera, Plaintiff–Respondent, v. Best Transit Corp., et al., Defendants–Respondents, Operation Prison Gap, Inc., et al., Defendants, Warrick Industries, Inc., doing business as Goshen Coach, Defendant–Appellant.
Shaub, Ahmuty, Citrin & Spratt, LLP, Lake Success (Steven J. Ahmuty, Jr., Timothy R. Capowski and Robert M. Ortiz of counsel), for appellant. Kahn Gordon Timko & Rodriguez, PCA, New York (Nicolas I. Timko of counsel), for Gloria Doomes, respondent. Trolman, Glaser & Lichtman, P.C., New York (Michael T. Altman of counsel), for, Ana Jiminiam, respondent. Shramko & DeLuca, LLP, New York (Adrienne DeLuca of counsel), for Kelli Rivera, respondent. Leahey & Johnson, P.C., New York (Peter James Johnson, Jr. of counsel), for Best Transit Corp. and Wagner M. Alcivar, respondents.
Shaub, Ahmuty, Citrin & Spratt, LLP, Lake Success (Steven J. Ahmuty, Jr., Timothy R. Capowski and Robert M. Ortiz of counsel), for appellant.
Kahn Gordon Timko & Rodriguez, PCA, New York (Nicolas I. Timko of counsel), for Gloria Doomes, respondent.
Trolman, Glaser & Lichtman, P.C., New York (Michael T. Altman of counsel), for, Ana Jiminiam, respondent.
Shramko & DeLuca, LLP, New York (Adrienne DeLuca of counsel), for Kelli Rivera, respondent.
Leahey & Johnson, P.C., New York (Peter James Johnson, Jr. of counsel), for Best Transit Corp. and Wagner M. Alcivar, respondents.
TOM, J.P., RENWICK, ANDRIAS, DeGRASSE, KAPNICK, JJ.
Opinion Order, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Howard H. Sherman, J.), entered December 9, 2013, which, to the extent appealed from as limited by the briefs, denied defendant Warrick Industries, Inc.'s motions for a “full scope” retrial and to preclude defendant Best Transit Corp. from participating in the retrial, unanimously modified, on the law, to the extent of directing a full unified retrial, and otherwise affirmed, without costs.
Plaintiffs were passengers in a bus that was involved in a single-vehicle rollover accident. The bus was owned by Best Transit and had been constructed by Warrick. The now pending claims against Best Transit are based on a theory of negligence on its driver's part. Those against Warrick are predicated on the absence of seat belts under a second collision or crashworthiness theory of liability. On a prior appeal, this Court reversed and vacated judgments entered against Warrick after a jury trial, finding that the verdict sheet was confusing and the jury's answers to the interrogatories inconsistent and contrary to the evidence (92 A.D.3d 490, 940 N.Y.S.2d 17 [1st Dept.2012] ). We remanded the matter for a new trial.
An examination of the second collision doctrine leads to the conclusion that a unified trial is required by our prior order. To prevail under the doctrine, plaintiffs must show by independent proof that the absence of seatbelts was a defect that “caused enhanced injuries” (see Garcia v. Rivera, 160 A.D.2d 274, 276, 553 N.Y.S.2d 378 [1st Dept.1990], lv. denied 77 N.Y.2d 801, 566 N.Y.S.2d 586, 567 N.E.2d 980 [1991] ). Accordingly, the issues of Warrick's liability and plaintiffs' damages are clearly intertwined (see e.g. Smith v. McClier Corp., 38 A.D.3d 322, 323, 831 N.Y.S.2d 413 [2007] ). A limited scope retrial would cause untold confusion in any attempt by the trial court to apply the second collision doctrine pursuant to Garcia. We also note that the judgment's reversal under our prior order vacates the awards of damages. “[W]hen an appellate court reverses a judgment, the rights of the parties are left ‘wholly unaffected by any previous adjudication’ ” (Ceravole v. Giglio, 186 A.D.2d 170, 170, 587 N.Y.S.2d 741 [2d Dept.1992], quoting Taylor v. New York Life Ins. Co., 209 N.Y. 29, 34, 102 N.E. 524 [1913] ). In light of Taylor and Ceravole, we find that the trial court properly denied Warrick's motion to preclude Best Transit from participating in the retrial. Moreover, as this Court vacated the original jury's fault determinations, the retrial jury will not be able to properly allocate fault absent Best Transit's participation.