Nearly all property damage will be traceable back to earlier events, but this is not the nature of our inquiry. As the Texas Supreme Court has instructed, we must focus on the time of the "actual physical damage" to the property, and not the time of the "negligent conduct" or the "process . . . that later results in" the damage. Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 24, 29-30 (Tex. 2008). It may be difficult at times to determine precisely when actual physical damage occurs, but we must draw a line somewhere.
The date that the physical damage is or could have been discovered is irrelevant under the policy.Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 24 (Tex. 2008) (alteration in original). In response to the second question, the Supreme Court held that:
2. This result is supported by Don's Building Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Insurance Co. , 267 S.W.3d 20 (Tex. 2008). The question in that case was whether property damage "occurred" when synthetic stucco imperceptibly allowed water to seep into the walls, or later when the property damage became noticeable from wood rot.
CGL insurance policies, In OneBeacon Insurance Co. v. Don's Building Supply, Inc., 553 F.3d 901 (5th Cir.2008), the Fifth Circuit explained that it “overrule [d] ... the relevant portion of Azrock ” based on a certified question sent to the Texas Supreme Court, which was decided in Don's Building Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Insurance Co., 267 S.W.3d 20 (Tex.2008). See OneBeacon, 553 F.3d at 902–03 (citing Guaranty Nat'l Ins. Co. v. Azrock Indus. Inc., 211 F.3d 239, 243 (5th Cir.2000)).
It is well settled the general rules of contract construction apply to the interpretation and construction of insurance policies. See Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 23 (Tex. 2008); Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. CBI Indus., Inc., 907 S.W.2d 517, 520 (Tex. 1995). Effectuating the parties' expressed intent is our primary concern.
Texas courts apply the ordinary rules of contract interpretation to insurance policies. Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 23 (Tex. 2008). Under those interpretive rules, a policy's "words and phrases" are "given their plain and ordinary meaning."
However, GuideOne has pointed to two recent cases which have held reasonableness should be determined solely with reference to the date on which the damage occurred. See Hamilton Props. v. Am. Ins. Co., No. 3:12-CV-5046-B, 2014 WL 3055801, at *8 (N.D. Tex. July 7, 2014) (holding "'the date the physical damage is or could have been discovered is irrelevant under the policy'" (quoting Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 24 (Tex. 2008))); Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's of London v. Lowen Valley View, L.L.C., No. 3:16-CV-0465-B, 2017 WL 3115142, at *12 (N.D. Tex. July 21, 2017) (relying on Don's Bldg. Supply, 267 S.W.3d at 24). The reliance of Hamliton Properties and Certain Underwriters on Don's Building Supply is misplaced. Don's Building Supply held only that "[t]he date that the physical damage is or could have been discovered is irrelevant" for the purpose of determining whether the damage falls within the policy coverage period.
We construe insurance policies according to the same rules of construction that apply to contracts. Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 23 (Tex.2008) ; Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Crocker, 246 S.W.3d 603, 606 (Tex.2008). In applying these rules, our primary concern is to ascertain the parties' intent as expressed in the policy's language.
However, during the pendency of post-judgment motions, the Texas Supreme Court issued an opinion rejecting the manifestation rule and adopting an “actual injury” approach. See Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 24–25 (2008). Under the “actual injury” approach, property damage “occurs” when actual physical damage takes place rather than when the damage manifests itself or becomes discoverable.
(citing Erie R.R. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 78, 58 S.Ct. 817, 82 L.Ed. 1188 (1938); Bexar Cnty. Hosp. Dist. v. Factory Mut. Ins. Co., 475 F.3d 274, 276 (5th Cir. 2007)). Don's Bldg. Supply, Inc. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., 267 S.W.3d 20, 23 (Tex. 2008) (citations omitted). Id.