Opinion
September 24, 1945.
January 18, 1946.
Workmen's compensation — Evidence — Burden of proof — Presumption — Automobile with dealer's license plates — Findings of fact — Subordinate facts — Appellate review.
1. In a workmen's compensation case, the burden is on the claimant to show an accident in the course of employment.
2. Where the findings of fact are against the party having the burden of proof, the inquiry of the appellate court is only to determine whether these findings are consistent with each other, with the conclusions of law, and whether there was a capricious disregard of competent evidence: the inquiry is not whether the findings are sustained by competent and credible evidence.
3. In a workmen's compensation case, it is not required that the compensation authorities break into subordinate facts a finding that the employe was not in the course of his employment at the time of the accident, nor are they required to state whom or what they believe.
4. In a workmen's compensation case, in which it appeared, inter alia, that decedent, an automobile salesman of defendant, who used its automobile in his work, was shot in the late evening after he had taken out a woman in his car, it was Held that while the fact that decedent drove defendant's car with dealer's registration plates might have given rise to a presumption that he was engaged in the master's business, such presumption, being contradicted by the testimony, the compensation authorities were not bound to accept it.
Before BALDRIGE, P.J., RHODES, HIRT, RENO, DITHRICH, ROSS and ARNOLD, JJ.
Appeal, No. 102, Oct. T., 1945, from judgment of C.P. No. 6, Phila. Co., June T., 1944, No. 3025, in case of Rose Doloff v. Wilkie Buick Co. et al. Judgment affirmed.
Appeal by claimant from decision of Workmen's Compensation Board refusing award.
Appeal dismissed, opinion by FLOOD, J. Claimant appealed.
Milford J. Meyer, with him Barnet Lieberman, for appellant.
James McG. Mallie, for appellees.
Argued September 24, 1945.
In this workmen's compensation case the referee and the board found against the widow-claimant who sought compensation for the death of her husband Morris Doloff.
Morris Doloff was an automobile salesman of the defendant and used its automobile in his work. At about 11:00 P.M. on February 27, 1941, the deceased drove in this car to a taproom in Philadelphia. Upon leaving he offered a woman a ride. After a little time the woman alighted, and a man pointed a gun, ordered her back into the car, got in and at the point of the gun directed Doloff to drive on, which he did. Later an opportunity arose permitting her to jump out. The car moved on, revolver shots were heard. Doloff was fatally wounded, was thrown out of the car and died.
The testimony also showed that on the decedent's person were (a) a number of contraceptive devices, and (b) a soiled moist handkerchief which on examination revealed spermatozoid. Testimony was offered by the claimant that the deceased was on his way to attempt to sell an automobile. But there was other of the claimant's testimony which strongly pointed to his not being in the course of employment, and the woman guest, called by the claimant, testified that the deceased had told her that his purpose was social.
The referee and the board found, inter alia, "9, that claimant's decedent, Morris Doloff, was engaged in personal and private activities at the time . . ."; "10, that these personal and private activities were in no wise connected with the business of the defendant . . ."; and "11, that the deceased, Morris Doloff, died during the time when he was joyriding for his own pleasure, not connected with, sponsored by, or given permission to do so by the defendant . . . and was in no way related to any form of their business." The claim was therefore dismissed. The court below affirmed and the claimant appealed.
While the fact that the deceased drove the defendant's car with dealer's registration plates might give rise to a presumption that he was engaged in the master's business, here, as in Grossman v. Kniess, 127 Pa. Super. 310, 193 A. 369, the presumption was refuted by the claimant's own testimony. In any event it was merely a presumption, and being contradicted, weakened or destroyed, neither the referee nor the board was bound to accept it.
The burden was on the claimant to show an accident in the course of employment. The compensation authorities found that burden was not sustained, and made the three findings above quoted. Where the findings of fact are against the party having the burden of proof (as here) our inquiry is only to determine whether these findings are consistent with each other, with the conclusions of law, and whether there was a capricious disregard of competent evidence: Schrock v. Stonycreek Coal Company, 152 Pa. Super. 599, 33 A.2d 522. The inquiry is not whether the findings are sustained by competent and credible evidence. The findings of fact thus found are binding on all courts: Bowers v. Schell's Bakery, 152 Pa. Super. 112, 31 A.2d 442; Wildman v. Pa. Dept. of Highways, 157 Pa. Super. 301, 43 A.2d 342. The present findings are in the negative; that the deceased was not in the course of his employment, and they are definite findings of that ultimate fact. In this type of case it is not required that the compensation authorities break this ultimate fact into twelve subordinate facts, as contended by the appellant. Nor are the fact finders required to state whom or what they believe. The so-called underlying facts could not only properly be found but the weight of the testimony is against the claimant. No question of law from the facts, ultimate or underlying, exists. The only question is the credibility of witnesses and the force of the circumstantial evidence. Cf. Paulin v. Williams Company, Inc., 122 Pa. Super. 462, 186 A. 415.
Judgment affirmed.