Summary
In Dep't of Civil Rights ex rel Zlotogura v Muskegon, 100 Mich. App. 557, 560; 298 N.W.2d 760 (1980), the Court considered various federal decisions in construing the limitation provision at issue here.
Summary of this case from Northville Public Schools v. Civil Rights CommissionOpinion
Docket No. 47091.
Decided October 7, 1980.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, and Michael A. Lockman and Martin J. Vittands, Assistants Attorney General, for plaintiff.
O'Toole, Stevens, Johnson, Knowlton, Potter Rolf (by Edward A. Grafton), for defendant.
Plaintiff appeals a circuit court order granting accelerated judgment, based on the expiration of the statute of limitations.
Plaintiff, who was 50 years old, sought employment with the City of Muskegon in July, 1973. another applicant, who was 21 years old, was hired on September 5, 1973, but did not commence working until September 13, 1973. Plaintiff filed a complaint with the Michigan Department of Civil Rights on December 12, 1973, alleging unlawful age discrimination by the city in its employment decision. Defendant city moved for accelerated judgment on the ground that plaintiff failed to bring her claim within 90 days of the act of discrimination. The trial court granted defendant's motion.
Michigan's Fair Employment Practices Act [FEPA], since repealed, provided the following period of limitations:
"Any individual claiming to be aggrieved by an alleged unlawful employment practice may * * * make, sign, and file * * * within 90 days after the alleged act of discrimination, a verified complaint in writing * * *." MCL 423.307(b); MSA 17.458(7)(b).
In Pompey v General Motors Corp, 385 Mich. 537; 189 N.W.2d 243 (1971), the Supreme Court enunciated the general rule that one who sues to enforce this statutory right is restricted by the statutorily prescribed limitation period of 90 days. Strict adherence to the statutory limitation period was subsequently mandated by this Court in Chrysler v Civil Rights Comm, 68 Mich. App. 283; 242 N.W.2d 556 (1977). Based on this authority, plaintiff was required to file her claim within 90 days after the alleged act of discrimination.
All parties assume in this case that the act of discrimination occurred on September 5, 1973, the date on which the new employee was advised that she was hired. We reject that assumption and find, instead, that the act of discrimination occurred on September 13, 1973, the date on which the new employee actually assumed her duties. We find support for this conclusion in several Federal cases which have considered the issue.
In Egelston v State University College at Genesco, 535 F.2d 752 (CA 2, 1976), the court ruled that the statutory limitation period began to run when the claimant discontinued her teaching functions and not when she was notified that her contract would be terminated. In Noble v University of Rochester, 535 F.2d 756, 758 (CA 2, 1976), a sex discrimination case, the second circuit ruled that a promotion was not consummated until the employee "took actual command of [his duties] * * * and the time limit was not triggered until then" regardless of when the promotion decision had been made and the parties advised. In Ricks v Delaware State College, 605 F.2d 710 (CA 3, 1979), the third circuit ruled that the period of limitations did not begin to run until the employee ceased to render further services to the employer and not when the decision not to renew his contract was communicated to him.
The rationale underlying these decisions is that a seemingly final decision may be reconsidered and sometimes reversed and it is not desirable to encourage the initiation of litigation which could preclude the possibility of reconsideration; and, more importantly from a practical point of view, a rule which requires an employee actually to cease or begin employment in order to trigger the running of the statutory limitation period serves as a bright guideline for both the courts and the victims of discrimination. See Ricks, supra, 712. Such a rule makes unnecessary a "date of discovery" rule, with all of its attendant uncertainties, since the date on which an employee begins working or discontinues working or assumes the responsibilities of a new position following promotion is readily apparent to all concerned.
We are persuaded that the rationale of the foregoing cases is applicable with equal validity to cases arising under Michigan's Fair Employment Practices Act. We rule, therefore, that the statutory limitations period did not begin to run in this case until September 13, 1973, when the new employee actually began performing services for the defendant city and that consequently the complaint was timely filed on December 12, 1973.
The trial court's order granting accelerated judgment is reversed and the case is remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion. No costs, a public question.