Summary
construing section 113 of the 1939 Code
Summary of this case from Jones v. Comm'r of Internal RevenueOpinion
Docket No. 8394.
1946-01-11
MALCOLM CLIFTON DAVENPORT, PETITIONER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, RESPONDENT.
Alfred F. Burgess, Esq., for the petitioner. Edward L. Potter, Esq., for the respondent.
1. Petitioner acquired a contingent interest in certain property by bequest, devise, or inheritance from his father, who died in 1918. Possession of the property was not obtained until 1928, at which time a testamentary trust terminated as to his interest. Petitioner thereafter sold the property in 1941. Held, under section 113(a)(5), Internal Revenue Code, petitioner's basis was the fair market value of the property at the date of the death of his decedent, even though his interest at that time was a contingent one.
2. Fair market value of land and building determined as of the date of petitioner's decedent's death in 1918.
3. Delinquency penalty determined. Alfred F. Burgess, Esq., for the petitioner. Edward L. Potter, Esq., for the respondent.
This proceeding involves a deficiency in income tax for the calendar year 1941 in the amount of $16,787.02, plus a 10 percent delinquency penalty in the amount of $1,678.70.
The main issue is whether the basis of certain property received by petitioner by ‘bequest, devise, or inheritance‘ was its value at the date of his decedent's death in 1918 or its value on date of distribution to him in 1928. A second issue raises the question of the fair market value of the property at the applicable date. Some adjustments made by the respondent are not contested by petitioner.
FINDINGS OF FACT.
Petitioner resided at Greenville, South Carolina, during the calendar year 1941. He now has his residence at Orlando, Florida. The income tax return in question was filed with the collector of internal revenue for the collection district of South Carolina at Greenville.
Petitioner's grandfather, D. D. Davenport, hereinafter referred to as the decedent, died testate on June 30, 1918. Under the terms of his will certain of his property, including ‘Davenport Apartments,‘ the property here in question, was placed in trust.
The trustee was directed to pay to decedent's wife during her lifetime so much of the income as was required for her comfort, maintenance, and enjoyment. It was also directed to pay over and expend so much of the trust income as it deemed necessary for the care, comfort, and maintenance of Clara Davenport (widow of decedent's deceased son) and the children of the son's body by her, including the proper education of the children and the maintenance of their proper station in life and society. The trust was to continue in any event during the lifetime of decedent's wife and until the youngest of the 5 grandchildren reached the age of 25 years. As the first of the grandchildren reached 25 years of age the trustee was directed to appraise the estate and deliver to that child 75 percent of a one-fifth part thereof. The same portion, based on the same appraisal was to be delivered to each grandchild thereafter upon reaching 25 years. When the youngest of the grandchildren reached 25, or would have reached 25 had he lived, the balance of the estate was distributable one-fifth to each grandchild or to his representatives if he was then deceased.
At the death of decedent on June 30, 1918, Davenport Apartments was included in his gross estate for estate tax purposes at $90,000, of which $19,300 was for the land and $70,700 for the building. The fair market value of the property at the death of decedent was $19,300 for the land and $90,000 for the building, or a total value of $109,300.
Decedent's wife died prior to June 30, 1918. Consequently the beneficiaries were Clara Davenport and her five children. Petitioner was the second child. Clara Davenport died June 16, 1927.
On or about April 17, 1926, the eldest child, Constance Davenport, attained the age of 25 years. The estate was appraised and 75 percent of a one-fifth interest thereof was distributed to Constance.
Petitioner attained the age of 25 on June 14, 1928, and on May 17, 1929, he received his 75 percent of a one-fifth interest, which distribution included Davenport Apartments, having a total valuation of $109,300 for purposes of the distribution. For many years the building has been valued at $90,000 for purposes of computing depreciation. The parties are in agreement that the applicable depreciation rate is 3 percent.
On May 1, 1941, petitioner sold Davenport Apartments for a total consideration of $71,000. Costs of sale and deductions from the sale price were $1,412.10, leaving a net consideration of $69,587.90. The net sale price was attributed $20,000 for the land and $49,587.90 for the building and improvements.
Petitioner's pro rata part of the state and county taxes on the property was $329.80 for the year 1941. Petitioner deducted said sum from the purchase price. This sum is not a part of the above deduction in the amount of $1,412.10.
The respondent determined that petitioner's basis was $19,300 for the land and that the basis of the building and improvements was $70,700, as reflected on the estate tax return. He further held that the net consideration received by petitioner was $69,587.90, of which $20,000 was allocable for the land and $49,587.90 for the building. He did not reduce the sale price by the $329.80 for taxes. Respondent found a gain from the sale of the land in the amount of $700, 50 percent of which was taxable, and that the adjusted basis of the building and equipment therein was $11,049.09, resulting in a gain of $38,538.81 from the sale of the building and equipment. Other adjustments made by the Commissioner are not contested.
Prior to March 15, 1942, petitioner consulted A. C. Dawson, an accountant, who had prepared petitioner's tax returns for about 15 years. At that time petitioner and the accountant calculated the 1941 return, which calculation reflected a loss for that year. Petitioner then signed a blank income tax return, and Dawson was to transcribe the information upon the return and file it with the collector. Petitioner's return was filed April 16, 1942. The return carries the signature of petitioner and reflects that it was sworn to by him on April 15, 1942, before A. C. Dawson, notary public, South Carolina. The delay in filing was for more than 30 days but less than 70 days and was without reasonable cause. A penalty of 10 percent of the tax has been imposed by the Commissioner under section 291(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.
OPINION.
ARUNDELL, Judge:
Initially, we are confronted with the problem of whether petitioner, in computing his gain or loss from the sale of the property in question, was entitled to use as a basis its value on July 16, 1928, at which time he received the property from the trustee, as is contended by him, or whether the proper basis was the value of the property at the time of his decedent's death, as is urged by the respondent. The applicable statute, section 113(a)(5),
SEC. 113. ADJUSTED BASIS FOR DETERMINING GAIN OR LOSS.(a) BASIS (UNADJUSTED) OF PROPERTY.— The basis of property shall be the cost of such property; except that—(5) PROPERTY TRANSMITTED AT DEATH.— If the property was acquired by bequest, devise, or inheritance, or by the decedent's estate from the decedent, the basis shall be the fair market value of such property at the time of such acquisition.
Petitioner concedes that title to a vested interest in an estate relates back to the death of the decedent. He argues, however, that his interest, by the terms of his grandfather's will, was contingent and that he acquired no taxable interest until the contingency was removed and until his interest was transformed into an indefeasible one. The Commissioner, on the other hand, takes the position that, since the property was acquired by inheritance, irrespective of whether the interest was originally contingent or vested, its basis in the hands of petitioner is the fair market value at date of the decedent's death, relying upon Helvering v. Reynolds, 313 U.S. 428.
The Reynolds case appears to be dispositive of the issue here. In that case the taxpayer had acquired through a distribution by a trustee in 1934 certain securities which were owned by his father at the time of his death in 1918 and had been placed in the trust under the terms of his will. The taxpayer's original interest was in the remainder and was found by the lower court to have been a contingent one under the laws of North Carolina. He sold a portion of the securities in 1934 and claimed as his basis their fair market value at the time they were distributed to him. The Supreme Court held that the basis was the value of the securities at the death of taxpayer's decedent. Therein the Court pointed out that even a vested remainder does not have all the attributes of ownership and that the test is not whether there was full enjoyment of the property prior to its distribution to the beneficiary, but whether he had acquired an interest which ultimately ripened into complete ownership. The tax is on gains realized by the taxpayer and to carry into the computation of those gains the value of the property at the time the taxpayer had only a contingent interest in it is not to tax him on values which he never received. See also Augustus v. Commissioner, 118 Fed.(2d) 38.
Petitioner contends that in the Reynolds case the estate was to be divided at the death of the testator and two-thirds thereof was to be deposited with the trustee to collect the income and ultimately pay each child his share of the corpora when he became 28 years of age, and that there was no provision for a valuation and no requirement that the children accept a valuation fixed at any specified time. We find no particular merit in such argument. The important factor, in the light of the above decisions, is that petitioner's interest was acquired by ‘bequest, devise, or inheritance‘ within the meaning of the statute and that, irrespective of its character at the inception of the interest, it ripened into complete ownership by him.
As an alternative argument the petitioner contends that if his basis is the value on June 30, 1918, the fair market value as of that date was in excess of $90,000, the amount at which it was included in the decedent's gross estate for estate tax purposes. Petitioner claims that its fair market value was, in fact, $125,000.
We have found as a fact that the fair market value of the property at the decedent's death was $109,300, of which $90,000 represented the value of the building and $19,300 the value of the land. Such finding is based upon the testimony of two witnesses, each of whom was entirely familiar with the history of the property from the time the building was constructed in 1915 to the present and who, having been engaged in the real estate business in the locality for 38 and 40 years, respectively, were, without doubt, qualified to testify as to the 1918 value of local real estate generally. The testimony was to the effect that the building was constructed of the finest material available in 1914-1915 and that the labor costs varied from 10 cents per hour to a top price of 35 cents per hour. The larger portion of materials used and practically all of the equipment installed were acquired at wholesale prices. The architectural plans were furnished at practically no cost to the builder. The value of the land and building had appreciated substantially by 1918 over their 1914-1915 cost. The building could not have been replaced in 1918 for less than $90,000. The net return from the operation of the property, without deduction for depreciation, was approximately 10 percent on the cost for the years in and around 1918. As to the fair market value on June 30, 1918, one witness testified that in his opinion the property could readily have been sold in 1918 at from $115,000 to $120,000, divided $95,000 to $100,000 for the building and $20,000 for the land, and that those figures represented the value of the property. The other witness placed a fair market value of from $85,000 to $90,000 on the building and $15,000 to $18,000 on the land. It appears from the evidence that the building has for many years been valued at $90,000 for purposes of computing the depreciation allowance. The fair market value placed upon the land at decedent's death in 1918 purposes of the estate tax was $19,300. The evidence is not substantially out of line with that valuation and we are of the opinion that it should not be disturbed. We have concluded, however, that the value of the building was greater than returned for estate tax purposes and that its fair market value was, in fact, $90,000. Cf. Stella H. McConnell, 29 B.T.A. 32; Anson Evans et al., Trustees, 29 B.T.A. 710.
With respect to the sum of $329.80 claimed by petitioner as a deduction from the sale price, we are without sufficient information to make a determination. Accordingly, for lack of evidence, the petitioner's claim may not be sustained.
As to the delinquency penalty, the petitioner takes the view that his course of action was entirely reasonable and that the negligence of the accountant in failing to file the return until April 16, 1942, should not result in the imposition of the penalty. We have noted the irregularity in the acknowledgment on the return. However, we need not dwell upon that. It is well settled that the burden of filing returns can not be avoided by placing the responsibility upon an agent. Eagle Piece Dye Works, 10 B.T.A. 1360; Estate of Charles Curie, 4 T.C. 1175; Berlin v. Commissioner, 59 Fed.(2d) 996. There is no indication whatsoever that there was any reasonable cause for the failure of the agent to file a timely return. Accordingly, the imposition of the penalty is upheld.
Decision will be entered under Rule 50.