Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board

7 Citing cases

  1. Carr v. Montgomery County Board of Education

    511 F.2d 1374 (5th Cir. 1975)   Cited 22 times

    In regard to the initial administrative difficulties associated with re-zoning and pairing, we emphasize "[t]he fact that a temporary, albeit difficult, burden may be placed on the School Board in the initial administration of the plan . . . does not justify in these circumstances the continuation of a less than unitary school system and the resulting denial of an equal educational opportunity to a certain segment of the [County] children." Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Bd., E.D.La. 1971, 332 F. Supp. 590, 592, stay denied, 1971, 404 U.S. 1219, 92 S.Ct. 18, 19, 30 L.Ed.2d 23, 24 (Marshall, J., in chambers; quoting cited language with approval), aff'd, 5 Cir. 1972, 456 F.2d 552, cert. denied, 1972, 409 U.S. 978, 93 S.Ct. 306, 34 L.Ed.2d 240. The district court entered no specific findings regarding the extent in time or miles of additional busing required to implement any of the desegregation plans before it, nor did it express any conclusions as to whether "the time or distance of travel [under any possible plan was] so great as to either risk the health of the children or significantly impinge on the educational process."

  2. Morgan v. Kerrigan

    523 F.2d 917 (1st Cir. 1975)   Cited 21 times

    The Supreme Court decision in Alexander v. Holmes City Board of Education, 396 U.S. 19, 90 S.Ct. 29, 24 L.Ed.2d 19 (1969), and Carter v. West Feliciana Parish School Board, 396 U.S. 226, 90 S.Ct. 467, 24 L.Ed.2d 382 (1969), required changes in the middle of the school year. In all of the following cases less time was allowed than in the instant case to begin the implementation of plans: Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Board of Education v. Scott, supra; NAACP v. Lansing Board of Education, supra; Nesbit v. Statesville City Board of Education, 418 F.2d 1040 (4th Cir. 1969); Kelley v. Metropolitan City Board of Education, 436 F.2d 856 (6th Cir. 1970); Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board, 332 F. Supp. 590 (D.La. 1971); Mims v. Duval County School Board, 329 F. Supp. 123 (M.D.Fla. 1971); Booker v. Special School District No. 1, 351 F. Supp. 799 (D.Minn. 1972); Vaughns v. Board of Education, 355 F. Supp. 1051 (D.Md. 1972); Stanley v. Darlington County School District, 424 F.2d 195 (4th Cir. 1970). Indeed, the court in Vaughns, 355 F. Supp. at 1060 n. 28, deduced that, for most, if not all, of the Justices of the Supreme Court, eight weeks is the maximum period of legitimate delay in implementing a program of desegregation.

  3. Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board

    456 F.2d 552 (5th Cir. 1972)   Cited 9 times

    GEWIN, Circuit Judge: Upon a motion for further relief by Lena Dandridge and the other members of her plaintiff class, the district court, 332 F. Supp. 590, ordered the implementation of a new desegregation plan in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. The Jefferson Parish School Board appeals from that order. We affirm.

  4. ST. BERNARD CITS./BTR GOV. v. ST. BERNARD PAR. SCH. BD

    Civil Action No. 02-2209, Section "C" (4) (E.D. La. Aug. 26, 2002)

    Under Defendants' uncontested version of Parish history, Parish schools were desegregated fourteen years after Brown v. Board of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 74 S.Ct. 686, 98 L.Ed. 873 (1954), and approximately three years ahead of nearby Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, schools. See Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish Sch. Bd., 332 F. Supp. 590 (E.D. La. 1971), aff'd, 456 F.2d 552 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 978, 93 S.Ct. 306, 34 L.Ed.2d 240 (1972). With respect to the second factor, again, one of the two most important, racial polarization in voting has been shown under the Gingles criteria.

  5. U.S. v. State of La.

    815 F. Supp. 947 (E.D. La. 1993)   Cited 16 times

    " This Court concurs only to add that irreparable injury comes from the maintenance of segregative policies which are educationally unsound and not from the dismantling of those policies. Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board, 404 U.S. 1219, 1220, 92 S.Ct. 18, 19, 30 L.Ed.2d 23 (1971) (Marshall, J., in chambers). B. Substantial Harm to Other Parties

  6. Cit. for a Better Gretna v. City of Gretna

    636 F. Supp. 1113 (E.D. La. 1986)   Cited 12 times
    In Gretna Dr. Cassimere testified that there was a long history of racial discrimination in Louisiana and Jefferson Parish. As had the district court in Gretna, the district court in this case found Dr. Cassimere's testimony to be "entirely credible.

    Parks in the city were segregated and swimming pools were kept segregated until 1973. Schools in Jefferson Parish remained segregated until 1971, when integration was ordered by the court in Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board, 332 F. Supp. 590, application denied, 404 U.S. 1219, 92 S.Ct. 18, 30 L.Ed.2d 23, aff. 456 F.2d 552, cert. denied, 409 U.S. 978, 93 S.Ct. 306, 34 L.Ed.2d 240. The Parish response to the Dandridge threat of racial integration was to institute sexual segregation at the high school level.

  7. Bradley v. School Board of City of Richmond, Vir.

    338 F. Supp. 67 (E.D. Va. 1972)   Cited 20 times
    In Bradley, the Fourth Circuit left undisturbed the district court's holding that the defendant school board had standing to file a cross-claim against the state and county defendants.

    332 F. Supp. 655. See also, Northcross v. Board of Education, Memphis City Schools, et al (W.D.Tenn.Dec. 1971); Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board, D.C., 332 F. Supp. 590 (1971). Community Perceptions