Summary
affirming grant of summary judgment on plaintiff's RLUIPA and free exercise claim where defendants met their burden of showing denial of Kemenic food diet was the least restrictive means of furthering prison's compelling interests and was reasonably related to those interests
Summary of this case from Smith v. TamayoOpinion
No. 13-15314
09-04-2015
TERRELL D. CURRY, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION; et al., Defendants - Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 3:09-cv-03408-EMC MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
Edward M. Chen, District Judge, Presiding
Before: McKEOWN, CLIFTON, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
California state prisoner Terrell D. Curry appeals pro se from the district court's summary judgment in his action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act ("RLUIPA") alleging that defendants' refusal to provide him with a Kemenic religious food diet violated the free exercise clause of the First Amendment and RLUIPA. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 883 (9th Cir. 2008), and we affirm.
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Curry's RLUIPA claim because defendants met their burden to show that their refusal to provide Curry with a Kemenic food diet, as conceived of and described by Curry, of mostly raw, vegan, non-genetically modified and non-irradiated food was the least restrictive means of furthering the prison's compelling interests in prison security and cost-efficient food service. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc-1(a)(1)-(2) (stating that under RLUIPA, "[n]o government shall impose a substantial burden on the religious exercise" of a prisoner unless the government establishes that the burden furthers "a compelling governmental interest" and does so by "the least restrictive means"); Shakur, 514 F.3d at 890 (explaining that a prison cannot meet its burden unless it "demonstrates that it has actually considered and rejected the efficacy of less restrictive measures before adopting the challenged practice" (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Coleman v. Quaker Oats Co., 232 F.3d 1271, 1291-92 (9th Cir. 2000) (district court did not err in refusing to entertain new theory of liability raised for first time at summary judgment stage).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Curry's free exercise claim because Curry failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendants' refusal to provide him with a Kemenic food diet, as conceived of and described by Curry, was not reasonably related to legitimate penological interests. See Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89 (1987) (holding that a prison regulation that "impinges on inmates' constitutional rights" is valid "if it is reasonably related to legitimate penological interests").
We do not consider issues or arguments not specifically and distinctly raised and argued in the opening brief. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009) (per curiam).
AFFIRMED.