Opinion
16156.
MAY 13, 1948. REHEARING DENIED JUNE 18, 1948.
Probate of will. Before Judge Crow. Decatur Superior Court. January 19, 1948.
Conger Conger, for plaintiff in error.
John R. Wilson and Custer Kirbo, contra.
1. The evidence authorized the verdict, and it was not error to overrule the general grounds of the motion for new trial.
2. The evidence relating to the execution of the will was sufficient to authorize its probate.
3. There was no evidence of undue influence, and the court properly excluded this issue from the jury.
4. The grounds of the motion for new trial complaining of the refusal to allow a witness to give certain testimony, which do not show that a pertinent question was asked the witness, to elicit the testimony claimed to be erroneously excluded, are incomplete.
5. The court properly refused to permit a witness to answer a question which sought to have him express an opinion upon the ultimate conclusion as to whether or not the testator had mental capacity to make a will, unaffected by monomania, at the time the will was executed.
No. 16156. MAY 13, 1948. REHEARING DENIED JUNE 18, 1948.
Byron Bower and Miss E. V. Bower filed a petition in the Court of Ordinary of Decatur County seeking a probate in solemn from the will of G. G. Bower. Mrs. Varina Louise Culpepper, only child of the deceased, filed a caveat to the will and objected to its probate, on the grounds that the testator was affected by monomania in regard to the caveatrix and her mother, and that Byron Bower, one of the propounders, exercised undue influence over the testator in the making of his will. Under the terms of the will offered for probate, Mrs. Culpepper was bequeathed $3000, and each of her children was bequeathed $2000. Except for some minor legacies, the remainder of the estate was devised and bequeathed to Byron Bower and Miss E. V. Bower. The court of ordinary admitted the will to probate, and on appeal to the superior court the jury returned a verdict in favor of the propounders. The caveatrix filed a motion for new trial, which was later amended, and the exception here is to the overruling of the motion for new trial as amended.
On the trial of the case, the evidence clearly showed the general testamentary capacity of the deceased. In support of her contentions of monomania, the caveatrix mainly relied on events that had occurred during the married life of the testator and the mother of the caveatrix, from 1904 until 1913. The evidence showed many instances of unfounded suspicion and eccentric conduct on the part of the testator in regard to his wife, and lack of care on his part for the comfort of his wife and child. The mother of the caveatrix divorced the testator in 1913, and the caveatrix lived with her mother until her marriage, which occurred three years after the second marriage of her mother. The caveatrix introduced evidence that on two occasions when she was seriously ill her father did not visit her, that he had not visited her but twice in thirty years, and that he provided very meagerly for her during her childhood. There was evidence that the testator did not attend his daughter's wedding, and made statements to several witnesses about a warrant against him pending in the county in Florida where the caveatrix and her mother lived. The caveatrix introduced a number of physicians, who testified, in reply to hypothetical questions enumerating actions of the testator, that the testator was suffering from monomania in regard to his former wife and his daughter. The propounders introduced in evidence carbon copies of numerous letters written by the testator to his daughter during her childhood. The letters were affectionate, and in them the testator frequently requested his daughter to visit him, and expressed regret that he did not see her more often. In many of the letters it is mentioned that a check is enclosed. Several witnesses testified as to statements that the testator had made to them of his disappointment that his daughter had asked her stepfather to give her in marriage, instead of the testator, and that by such act she had forfeited an inheritance from him.
1. The jury was amply authorized to believe that G. G. Bower had testamentary capacity to execute a will, unaffected by monomania, and the evidence wholly failed to show undue influence by Byron Bower. It was not erroneous to overrule the general grounds of the motion for new trial.
2. The first special ground of the amended motion for new trial contends that the court erred in admitting in evidence the proffered will of G. G. Bower, and in adjudging that the will had been properly executed and legally witnessed. This ground is based on testimony of two of the witnesses, that they recognized their own and the other witnesses' signatures on the instrument, were familiar with Mr. Bower's signature, and recognized it, but did not independently remember the occasion of the signing of the instrument by Mr. Bower.
One of the witnesses to the will testified positively that she remembered the incident of Mr. Bower executing the will offered for probate, and that Mr. Bower signed it in the presence of the three witnesses whose signatures appear on the instrument, and that they signed it in Mr. Bower's presence and in the presence of each other. The attestation clause of the will recites: "Signed, sealed, declared and published by G. G. Bower as his last will and testament in the presence of us the undersigned who subscribe our names hereto, in the presence of said testator after he had signed the same thereto and at his special instance and request and in the presence of each other." Each of the witnesses identified his or her signature attached to this clause. There was no evidence to controvert the fact that the will was duly executed.
The evidence relating to the execution of the will was sufficient to authorize the probate of the will, and this ground of the motion is without merit. Deupree v. Deupree, 45 Ga. 416 (3); Underwood v. Thurman, 111 Ga. 325 (3) ( 36 S.E. 788); Wells v. Thompson, 140 Ga. 119 (4) ( 78 S.E. 823, 47 L.R.A. (N.S.) 722, Ann. Cas. 1914 C, 898).
3. The second ground complains because the court in its charge removed from the consideration of the jury the issue of undue influence. It is contended that this issue was presented by the evidence in the case, and that the court erred in failing and refusing to submit the issue of undue influence to the jury.
In regard to the issue of undue influence the caveat alleged: The instrument offered for probate was not the will of G. G. Bower; it was not freely and voluntarily made; the will of Byron Bower was substituted for the will and wish of the deceased; the propounders sought to, and did, build a barrier between the deceased and his daughter and her children; the deceased and Byron Bower were constant companions, they conferred constantly, and the deceased relied upon his brother for guidance, and followed his advice, especially with respect to the terms of the instrument alleged to be his last will. It was further alleged that the influence of Byron Bower was so complete over the deceased that Byron Bower induced him to believe that a throat condition (cancer) from which he later died was only a muscular trouble, and persuaded him not to have medical treatment, but to use and rely on certain throat exercises suggested by Byron Bower.
The evidence in support of the allegations as to undue influence tended to show that the testator and Byron Bower were very congenial and were frequently seen together. The evidence indicates that Byron Bower had some influence on the testator (at a time subsequent to the execution of the will) in inducing him not to consult a physician, but to use the exercises suggested by his brother as a treatment for his throat condition. The issue, however, was whether or not Byron Bower had such influence over the testator as amounted to deception, or to force and coercion, destroying free agency of his brother to make a will. Bohler v. Hicks, 120 Ga. 800 (5) ( 48 S.E. 306). The evidence offered totally failed to make an issue on the question of undue influence in the making of the will, and the court properly charged the jury that they should not consider the evidence relied upon by the caveatrix to establish undue influence. See Franklin v. Belt, 130 Ga. 41 ( 60 S.E. 146); DeNieff v. Howell, 138 Ga. 251 ( 75 S.E. 202); Burroughs v. Reed, 150 Ga. 726 ( 105 S.E. 290); Cook v. Washington, 166 Ga. 348 ( 143 S.E. 409); Griffin v. Barrett, 185 Ga. 447 ( 195 S.E. 746); Boland v. Aycock, 191 Ga. 327 ( 12 S.E.2d 319).
4. Grounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 complain that the court refused to allow the witness, Mrs. Cresep, former wife of the testator, to give certain testimony set out in the grounds. None of these grounds shows that a pertinent question was asked the witness to elicit the testimony claimed to have been erroneously excluded, and the grounds are, therefore, incomplete. Barron v. Barron, 185 Ga. 346 ( 194 S.E. 905), and cases cited; Page v. Brown, 192 Ga. 398 ( 15 S.E.2d 506).
5. Ground 8 shows that, after both sides had announced that they had no further evidence to introduce, and the case was closed, on the following morning the caveatrix, by long distance telephone, had Dr. J. T. Benbo, an expert witness who had testified in her behalf, to reappear before the court to give additional testimony. Request was made to permit this witness to give further evidence by answering three written questions, which were submitted to the court, together with the answers which the witness would give. Objection was made to the allowance of the evidence on the ground that the evidence had closed and the witness had been excused. The judge ruled that the questions propounded to the witness were inadmissible and could not elicit relevant evidence, and he declined to permit the witness to testify.
In the first question, the witness was requested to state the duration or fixation of monomania when a person has become seized with it. The section question was based on certain hypothetical questions previously propounded to the witness, and sought to have him state whether or not the testator was afflicted with monomania on the subject of his wife and daughter on August 28, 1943, the date the will was executed. The third question was: "If G. G. Bower executed a will on August 28, 1943, and bequeathed the great bulk of his large estate, consisting of lands, city property, and cash, to his bachelor brother and old maid sister, eighty or more years of age each, both of whom were richer than the deceased, to the exclusion of his only child and three grandchildren, except $3000 to the child and $2000 each to the grandchildren, would you say that the monomania from which he was suffering related to his wife and daughter and affected the will and that the will resulted therefrom?"
The third question sought to have the witness express an opinion as to whether or not the will was affected by, and resulted from, the alleged monomania of the deceased. Whether the alleged incapacity to make a will is based on general insanity or monomania, the rule is that: "What is mental capacity to make a will is a question of law. On the trial of an issue of devisavit vel non, whether the alleged testatrix had mental capacity to make a will at the time of signing the paper is a question for decision by the jury, and a witness can not testify as to such legal conclusion." Smoot v. Alexander, 188 Ga. 203 ( 3 S.E.2d 593); Morgan v. Bell, 189 Ga. 432 ( 5 S.E.2d 897).
Since the testimony was offered as a whole, and the assignment of error is upon the ruling rejecting the entire testimony, the court did not err in ruling out all three questions. Dorsey v. Dorsey, 189 Ga. 671 ( 7 S.E.2d 273). This ground does not show any abuse of the discretion of the trial judge in refusing to reopen the case and allow the testimony offered.
Judgment affirmed. All the Justices concur.