Opinion
Civil No. 15-cv-006-JD
03-02-2016
Continental Western Insurance Company v. Opechee Construction Corporation, et al.
ORDER
Continental Western Insurance Company ("Continental") brings a subrogation action against the general contractor, Opechee Construction Corporation, that built the Hampton Inn in Dover, New Hampshire, and two plumbing subcontractors, North American Plumbing & Heating, LLC and Linx Ltd ("Linx"). The claims arise from extensive water damage at the hotel caused by a pipe failure. Continental moves to compel Linx, the hotel's pipe flange supplier, to respond to its discovery requests. Linx objects.
In response to Linx's objection to the motion to compel, counsel for Continental filed a reply, which was a letter on firm stationary addressed to the undersigned judge. The letter was struck, because it did not comply with the requirements for format and service, see Local Rule 5.1 and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5(d)(1), and the requirement to seek leave to file a reply, see Local Rule 7.1(e)(2). See Order, document no. 60. Continental then filed a motion for leave to reply, which did not include a certification of concurrence as required by Local Rule 7.1(c), and appended the same letter that had been struck previously.
The errors in the motion for leave to file a reply were noted on the docket and Continental was given an opportunity to correct the errors, but Continental did not correct the motion. Linx did not respond to the motion for leave to reply. Because the motion for leave to reply does not comply with Local Rule 7.1(c) and because the proposed reply is a nonconforming document that was struck previously, the motion for leave to reply is denied.
I. Standard of Review
"Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party's claim or defense and proportional to the needs of the case." Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Whether discovery is "proportional to the needs of the case," depends on, among other things, "the parties' relative access to relevant information, the parties' resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit." Id. If a party fails to respond to requests for production or interrogatories, the party seeking discovery may move to compel production of the requested documents or answers to the interrogatories. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(B)(iii) & (iv).
The party seeking an order compelling discovery responses over the opponent's objection bears the initial burden of showing that the discovery requested is relevant. Caouette v. OfficeMax, Inc., 352 F. Supp. 2d 134, 136 (D.N.H. 2005). Once a showing of relevance has been made, the objecting party bears the burden of showing that a discovery request is improper. See, e.g., Gowan v. Mid Century Ins. Co., 309 F.R.D. 503, at 509 (D.S.D. Sept. 11, 2015); Collins v. Bledsoe, 2015 WL 5174021, at *2 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 2, 2015).
Background
Continental served a first set of interrogatories and first set of requests for production of documents on Linx on June 16, 2015. Linx did not respond to Continental's discovery requests.
In September of 2015, the parties learned that Linx had become the subject of a receivership action in the Rhode Island Superior Court for Newport County ("the state court"). On October 5, 2015, the state court issued an order appointing a receiver over Linx. That order provided that the "continuance of the prosecution . . . of any action" against Linx is "hereby restrained and enjoined." Motion to Continue, exhibit 1, document no. 56-1, at ¶ 14. The order also allowed the receiver to "take possession and charge of all of the said estate, assets, effects, property and business" of Linx. Id. at ¶ 3. Linx represents that pursuant to the order, the receiver has obtained possession of Linx's documents.
Counsel for Continental and Linx have had multiple discussions concerning the status of Continental's discovery requests. During these discussions, Linx's counsel informed Continental's counsel that the receivership was hindering Linx's attempts to obtain the requested documents and information. Further, Linx represents that its counsel has repeatedly sought the receiver's assistance in providing responses to Continental's discovery requests, but the receiver has refused to cooperate until the state court rules on several pending motions concerning the applicability of its stay order. Linx also represents that it is no longer in business and does not have any employees to aid in discovery.
On January 8, 2016, Continental moved to compel Linx to respond to its discovery requests. Linx objected.
Discussion
As a preliminary matter, this action is not stayed by the state court's order in the receivership proceeding. When Linx filed a letter in this case, on October 20, 2015, notifying this court of the receivership proceeding in Rhode Island, the court issued an order explaining that a letter was not a proper means to request a stay of this case. The court ordered Linx to "file a motion providing a detailed legal and factual basis for the relief that is requested" by November 5, 2015. Linx did not respond to the order.
To avoid any confusion, this case is not stayed in favor of the receivership proceeding. "[S]tate courts are completely without power to restrain federal-court proceedings in in personam actions." Donovan v. City of Dallas, 377 U.S. 408, 413 (1964); see also Fragoso v. Lopez, 991 F.2d 878, 881 (1st Cir. 1993) (noting that it is a "bedrock" principle that "a state court cannot enjoin federal proceedings"); Fleet Nat'l Bank v. Marshall and Williams Company, 2002 WL 31752827, at *8 (R.I. Super. 2002) (holding that the court's order appointing receiver "was not, and indeed could not have been, meant to bar [plaintiff] from continuing litigation in the federal district court"). Therefore, this case will proceed under the schedule established in the discovery order.
In support of the motion to compel, Continental argues that its discovery requests seek relevant information that is "central" to liability in this action. Linx does not dispute the relevance of the information that Continental seeks but instead objects based on Linx's current status. Linx contends that "[w]ithout assistance from the Receiver, who is in possession of all relevant documents, Linx is unable to produce the requested information and documents to the Plaintiff." Objection, document no. 58, at 2. Linx also argues that it "is no longer operating and does not have any employees to provide [the requested] information." Id.
A. Documents
A party is required to produce documents that are within its "possession, custody, or control." Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a)(1)(A). A party need not have physical possession of documents to make them subject to discovery. See Vazquez-Fernandez v. Cambridge College, Inc., 269 F.R.D. 150, 164 n.10 (D.P.R. 2010). Instead, documents are within a party's control "when that party has the right, authority or ability to obtain those documents upon demand." Szulik v. State St. Bank & Tr. Co., 2014 WL 3942934, at *1 (D. Mass. Aug. 11, 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Linx represents, and Continental does not dispute, that it cannot respond to the discovery requests because the receiver has possession of the relevant documents. Linx further represents, and Continental does not dispute, that its counsel has asked the receiver on several occasions to provide the requested discovery, but the receiver will not or cannot produce the documents to Linx. Moreover, it does not appear that Linx or Continental has undertaken any legal process in this action that would require the receiver to provide them access to the documents. Based on the information presented for purposes of this motion to compel, the receiver, and not Linx, has possession and control of the relevant documents. Therefore, Linx cannot be compelled to produce documents it does not have.
B. Employees
Additionally, Linx represents that the information required to provide responses to Continental's interrogatories also resides with third parties, Linx's former employees. Although Rule 33 does require the responding party to make reasonable efforts to obtain the requested information, that duty does not extend to employees no longer under its control. See Am. Intern. Specialty Lines Ins. Co. v. NWI-I, Inc., 240 F.R.D. 401, 413-14 (N.D. Ill. 2007) (denying motion to compel party responding to interrogatory to interview third parties, which included former employees not within defendants' control). Moreover, given the parties' relative access to the requested information and their respective resources, it would not be "proportional to the needs of the case" to require Linx, who is in receivership, to interview its former employees for the purpose of providing answers to Continental's interrogatories. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Therefore, Linx cannot be compelled to provide information that must be obtained from former employees.
See also Steven S. Gensler, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rules and Commentary Rule 33 ("[T]he responding party does not have an obligation to obtain information known by third persons not under the party's control.").
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, Continental's motion to compel (doc. no. 57) is denied. Continental's motion for leave to reply (doc. no. 61) is also denied.
SO ORDERED.
/s/_________
Joseph A. DiClerico, Jr.
United States District Judge March 2, 2016 cc: John E. Brady, Esq.
Christie Burnett, Esq.
Doreen F. Connor, Esq.
Adam R. Mordecai, Esq.
Thomas Paolini, Esq.
Matthew F. Renna, Esq.
Matthew D. Sweet, Esq.
Thomas J. Underwood, Jr., Esq.
James G. Walker, Esq. Courtesy Copies: Honorable Brian J. Stern
Richard J. Land, Esq.