Opinion
December 7, 1970.
April 15, 1971.
Practice — Plea of guilty — Questions which may be raised on appeal — PCHA proceeding — Petitioner deprived of right of appeal — Determination by PCHA court of petitioner's other claims — Allowance of direct appeal, nunc pro tunc.
1. After a conviction based on a guilty plea, the only questions which may be raised, either on direct appeal or in a collateral proceeding, are the validity of the plea and the lawfulness of the sentence.
2. When it is found in the course of a PCHA proceeding that a petitioner has been deprived of his right of appeal from a conviction based upon a guilty plea, the PCHA court should usually proceed to hear and decide all of the petitioner's other claims since there generally can be no appropriate claim of error which is not cognizable in the PCHA proceedings.
3. Once all matters have been brought before the PCHA court and the denial thereof is reviewed on appeal, there is no necessity for allowing direct appeal rights, nunc pro tunc.
Before WRIGHT, P.J., WATKINS, MONTGOMERY, JACOBS, HOFFMAN, SPAULDING, and CERCONE, JJ.
Appeal, No. 1617, Oct. T., 1970, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County, No. 568, Nov. T., 1966 and No. 223, Feb. T., 1967, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Edward Leslie Rosenberger. Order affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Petition for post-conviction relief. Before DITTER, JR., J.
Order entered dismissing petition. Defendant appealed.
Thomas E. Duffy, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
Stewart J. Greenleaf and William T. Nicholas, Assistant District Attorneys, Parker H. Wilson, First Assistant District Attorney, and Milton O. Moss, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Submitted December 7, 1970.
In 1967, the defendant pleaded guilty to several criminal charges and subsequently he filed a petition under the Post Conviction Hearing Act, claiming, inter alia, deprivation of the right to appeal his conviction.
Act of January 25, 1966, P.L. (1965) 1580, 19 P. S. § 1180.1 et seq.
The law is clear that after a conviction based on a guilty plea, the only questions which may be raised, either on direct appeal or in a collateral proceeding, are the validity of the plea and the lawfulness of the sentence. See Commonwealth v. Alexander, 435 Pa. 33, 255 A.2d 119 (1969), and Commonwealth v. Stokes, 426 Pa. 265, 232 A.2d 193 (1967).
These two broad grounds for appeal, of course, are inclusive of other claims of reversible error. For instance, if an appellant can prove that he was not provided with effective assistance of counsel at the time of his guilty plea, that plea may be declared invalid. Another example is that if an appellant demonstrates that the basis of his plea was a coerced confession, his plea cannot stand as the basis of a conviction. Of course, the question of jurisdiction is always available as a ground for appeal.
In Commonwealth v. Lowery, 438 Pa. 89, 263 A.2d 332 (1970), our Supreme Court established the following guidelines for handling Post Conviction Hearing Act petitions after a guilty plea: "When it is found in the course of a PCHA proceeding that a petitioner has been deprived of his right to appeal from a conviction based upon a guilty plea, the PCHA court should usually proceed to hear and decide all of the petitioner's other claims since there generally can be no appropriate claim of error which is not cognizable in the PCHA proceedings." (emphasis supplied) 438 Pa. at 90, 263 A.2d at 333.
The lower court in accordance with Lowery, supra, heard all of the petitioner's claims concerning the validity of his guilty plea and/or the lawfulness of his sentence. On appeal we hold that the dismissal of those claims by the lower court was proper. Of course, any claims not raised by petitioner in these two permissible areas necessarily must be considered waived.
However, the lower court did err in granting petitioner direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. This action was incorrect and contrary to the intendment of the Lowery decision. The very purpose of holding the full Post Conviction Hearing Act proceeding, as mandated by Lowery, is to avoid duplication and multiple appeals.
Once all matters have been brought before the lower court under the Post Conviction Hearing Act and the denial thereof is reviewed on appeal, there is no necessity for allowing direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. The allowance of these rights would have the effect of bringing the same matter before the appellate courts again.
We affirm the dismissal of petitioner's Post Conviction Hearing Act claims and reverse that part of the order granting direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc.