Opinion
August 2, 1982
In an action to recover damages for legal malpractice, plaintiffs appeal, and defendant cross-appeals, from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Murphy, J.), entered January 15, 1981, which, upon a jury verdict, was in favor of plaintiffs in the principal amount of $111,083 (said amount reflecting a determination that plaintiffs were 35% negligent). Judgment modified, on the law and facts, by vacating the finding that plaintiffs were 35% negligent and by increasing the principal sum awarded plaintiffs to $170,897, upon which sum they shall be entitled to interest from the date of the commencement of the action. As so modified, judgment affirmed, with costs to plaintiffs, and case remitted to Trial Term for entry of an appropriate amended judgment. The complaint in this action to recover for legal malpractice alleges that defendant advised his clients, plaintiffs, that they had no further obligations under a conditional contract for the sale of real property when, in fact, they were bound to diligently apply for rezoning and to pay taxes on the property. Defendant raised the defense that his clients were sophisticated real estate dealers who should not have relied on his erroneous advice that making an application for rezoning would be a waste of money because it would be denied. Defendant also maintained that his clients should not have taken his failure to advise them to pay taxes and to cancel the contract by means of a formal letter to mean that they were not contractually obligated to do so. We are in agreement with Trial Term that the negligence of his clients is a defense that defendant was entitled to have the jury consider. However, we disagree with the finding of the jury that plaintiffs were contributorily negligent and with its apportionment of liability between defendant and plaintiffs. Although New York case law does not specifically deal with the issue of whether an attorney defending a malpractice suit can raise the negligence of his client as a defense, the courts of this State have recognized that both physicians and attorneys may plead subsequent negligence by other parties as a mitigating factor (see Schauer v. Joyce, 54 N.Y.2d 1; Titsworth v Mondo, 73 A.D.2d 1049; Ferrara v. Leventhal, 56 A.D.2d 490; Dunn v Catholic Med. Center of Brooklyn Queens, 55 A.D.2d 597). Moreover, courts in other jurisdictions have explicitly held that the contributory negligence of a client can constitute a defense in a legal malpractice action (see Smiley v. Manchester Ins. Ind. Co. of St. Louis, 71 Ill.2d 306; Hansen v. Wightman, 14 Wn. App. 78; Gustavson v. O'Brien, 87 Wis.2d 193). The courts have found a client to be contributorily negligent, in view of his knowledge and sophistication, when the client is himself a skilled attorney who is fully advised of the issues involved and himself decides what course of action to take (see Carr's Executrix v. Glover, 70 Mo App 242) or when it is reasonable to expect a nonattorney client to understand the legal obligations or formalities that have to be fulfilled in connection with a particular transaction notwithstanding his attorney's erroneous advice or failure to advise (see Theobald v. Byers, 193 Cal.App.2d 147; Corceller v. Brooks, 347 So.2d 274 [La]; Feil v Wishek, 193 N.W.2d 218 [ND]). In this instance, neither client was an attorney and, as defendant himself testified, neither was better qualified than he to legally terminate the contract. Although plaintiffs were experienced real estate dealers, they sought to have defendant represent them in this transaction because of his superior knowledge of the legal issues involved. In light of defendant's erroneous advice, it is unreasonable to hold plaintiffs responsible for failing to apply for rezoning and for failing to pay taxes on the property. We therefore vacate the jury's finding that plaintiffs were 35% responsible for their loss. Judgment should be entered for the full damages found by the jury. Interest should be awarded as of the date of commencement of the lawsuit (see De Long Corp. v. Morrison-Knudsen Co., 20 A.D.2d 104, affd 14 N.Y.2d 346). Mollen, P.J., Weinstein, Gulotta and Thompson, JJ., concur.