Opinion
Opinion filed May 31, 1930.
1. EQUITY. Injunction. Jurisdiction of chancery court to enjoin criminal prosecution.
The general rule is that a court of equity has no jurisdiction to enjoin a criminal prosecution, whether the prosecution be for violations of statutes or for an infraction of municipal ordinances. (Post, p. 650.)
Cases cited and approved: Fritz v. Sims, 122 Tenn. (14 Cates), 139; Kelly v. Conner, 122 Tenn. (14 Cates), 339; Lindsey v. Drane, 154 Tenn. (1 Smith), 460; Erwin Billiard Parlor v. Buckner, 156 Tenn. (3 Smith), 280; Caldwell v. Spicer and McEvoy, 159 Tenn. (6 Smith), 467.
Citing: In re Sawyer, 124 U.S. 200; 14 R.C.L., 426.
2. EQUITY. Injunction. Jurisdiction of chancery court to enjoin criminal prosecution affecting property rights.
An exception to the general rule is that a court of equity will take jurisdiction where property rights are affected. (Post, p. 651.)
3. EQUITY. Jurisdiction of chancery court to enjoin enforcement of a municipal ordinance making it unlawful for business houses, with certain exceptions, to remain open on Sunday.
Where complainants operate filling stations and deal in automobile accessories, which businesses are required by municipal ordinance to close on Sunday, a bill to enjoin the enforcement of the ordinance for alleged invalidity was properly dismissed, because the ordinance is purely a police measure of general application which does not invade or appropriate special property rights of complainants; and the chancery courts have no jurisdiction to entertain such a bill. (Post, p. 652.)
Case cited and approved: Kelly v. Conner, 122 Tenn. (14 Cates), 339.
FROM MADISON.Appeal from the Chancery Court of Madison County. — HON. TOM C. RYE, Chancellor.
PEARSON HEWGLEY, for complainant, appellants.
W.P. MOSS, for defendant, appellees.
Complainants operate filling stations and deal in automobile accessories in the City of Jackson. By the bill in this cause they seek to enjoin the enforcement of an alleged invalid ordinance of the city which provides:
"It shall be unlawful to keep any business house open on Sunday, or to sell any goods, wares or merchandise on Sunday; provided, that confectionaries may sell ice cream, soda water and cakes on Sunday, and hotel keepers, livery stable-keepers, druggists and apothecaries may keep open at any time."
The motion of the defendants to dissolve the injunction, which had been granted, upon bill and answer, was sustained by the chancellor, and the bill dismissed. This was proper since the chancery court is without jurisdiction to entertain such a suit.
In 14 Ruling Case Law, 426, it is said:
"The general rule is that a court of equity has no jurisdiction or power to interfere to arrest the authorities charged with the execution of the criminal law, whether it pertains to the state at large, or to the municipalities, which are agencies in the administration of civil government."
This rule is approved by the decisions of this court in the following cases: Fritz v. Sims, 122 Tenn. 139; Kelly v. Conner, 122 Tenn. 339; Lindsey v. Drane, 154 Tenn. 460; Erwin Billiard Parlor v. Buckner, 156 Tenn. 280; Caldwell v. Spicer McEvoy, 159 Tenn. 467.
In the first of these cases it was said:
"It is a well-settled rule, both in England and America, that a court of equity has no jurisdiction to interfere by injunction to restrain a criminal prosecution, whether the prosecution be for violations of statutes or for an infraction of municipal ordinances."
Fritz v. Sims, supra, was also approved in Kelly v. Conner, and, in support of the rule, the court quoted from In re Sawyer, 124 U.S. 200, 31 L.Ed., 402, as follows:
"And in the American Courts, so far as we are informed, it has been strictly and uniformly upheld, and has been applied alike whether the prosecutions or arrests sought to be restrained arose under statutes of the State or under municipal ordinances."
The authorities are almost unanimous upon this question. The reason for the rule is fully stated in Kelly v. Conner, supra.
An exception to the rule, which is generally recognized, is that a court of equity will take jurisdiction where property rights are effected.
What was said in Kelly v. Conner, supra, with respect to the destruction of property rights, is applicable to the facts of this cause, to-wit:
"This statute is purely a police measure of general application. It has no special reference to complainants or their property. It does not invade or appropriate property, nor in any way affect the title or interfere with the possession of the owners. It does not impair the obligation of contracts. . . .
"When reduced to its last analysis, their suit is simply one to enjoin the officers of the State from prosecuting them for pursuing a business, made unlawful by a statute enacted in the exercise of the police power, until they can have it construed, and its validity or invalidity determined, by the chancery court, instead of by that court created for the purpose of administering it and all other criminal laws. Have the chancery courts of this State jurisdiction to entertain a bill for this purpose?
"We think not."
In the cause we are considering the ordinance only purports to prohibit complainants from operating their establishments on Sunday just as it does all others coming within the purview of the ordinance.
The decree of the chancellor will be affirmed.