No. 01-08-00603-CR
Opinion Issued April 30, 2009. DO NOT PUBLISH. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.4.
On Appeal from the 23rd District Court, Brazoria County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 48583.
Panel consists of Judges TAFT, BLAND, and SHARP.
JANE BLAND, Justice.
The State indicted appellant Kathy Campbell for the offense of burglary of a building. She pleaded guilty in accord with a plea bargain with the State. The trial court deferred adjudication and placed Campbell on community supervision for two years. Campbell did not appeal. Campbell subsequently used controlled substances and thus violated the conditions of her community supervision. The State moved to adjudicate guilt and later amended its motion. The trial court found that Campbell had violated terms of her community supervision, entered a finding of guilty on the original burglary charge, and sentenced Campbell to two years? confinement. The trial court then suspended the sentence of confinement and placed Campbell on community supervision for five years. Campbell appeals, alleging in four issues that (1) her original guilty plea is invalid because the it is not supported by the evidence; (2) the evidence of Campbell?s probation violations was more prejudicial than probative; (3) the trial court erred in enhancing her community supervision period; and (4) the trial court should have considered evidence of mitigating factors in sentencing.
Background
On May 4, 2005, Campbell pled guilty to the offense of burglary of a building. The trial court sentenced Campbell to two years? deferred adjudication community supervision. On September 6, 2006, the State moved to adjudicate guilt. The State alleged twenty violations of Campbell?s community supervision. It later amended its motion to adjudicate to allege an additional fourteen violations. Campbell pleaded not true to all of the allegations. The court heard testimony from the State?s witness as well as from Campbell and her witnesses. After hearing the evidence, the court found nine of the allegations to be true, relating to her use or consumption of controlled substances, her failure to report to her probation officer, and her failure to submit to a urinalysis test. The trial court revoked Campbell?s community supervision, entered a finding of guilty for the original offense of burglary of a building, and assessed Campbell?s punishment at two years? confinement in a state jail facility. The trial court then suspended that sentence and placed Campbell on community supervision for a period of five years. Discussion
Campbell contends that the trial court erred in four different ways in revoking her community supervision and adjudicating her guilt for the original crime. First, Campbell contends that the evidence is insufficient to support her original guilty plea, and that her plea was involuntary. Second, Campbell argues that the evidence of her probation violations is more prejudicial than it is probative. Third, Campbell contends that the trial court erred in enhancing her original supervision more than was allowed by law. Fourth, Campbell contends that the trial court erred in failing to consider mitigating evidence in sentencing. Original Guilty Plea
Campbell contends that insufficient evidence exists to support her original guilty plea and that her guilty plea was involuntary. We hold that these contentions are untimely. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.12, § 5(b) (Vernon Supp. 2008); Manuel v. State, 994 S.W.2d 658, 661?62 (Tex.Crim.App. 1999). A defendant placed on deferred adjudication community supervision may raise issues related to the original plea proceeding only if she appeals at the time the trial court imposes deferred adjudication community supervision. Manuel, 994 S.W.2d at 661?62; Guillory v. State, 99 S.W.3d 735, 738 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, pet. ref?d). The Court of Criminal Appeals, in Nix v. State, 65 S.W.3d 664, 667 (Tex.Crim.App. 2001), recognized two exceptions to the general rule: (1) the void judgment exception, and (2) the habeas corpus exception. Campbell?s complaints regarding sufficiency of the evidence and the voluntariness of her plea do not fit within either of these exceptions: she does not contend that the original judgment is void, and Campbell?s appeal is not a request for a writ of habeas corpus. Prejudicial Impact of the Evidence of Violations
Campbell argues that the ?sheer volume of violations of probation? presented in the motion to adjudicate was an exaggeration and the evidence was inaccurately presented to the court because it contained redundancies. Campbell, however, did not object to the admission of the evidence of violations and does not specify on appeal which evidence was unduly prejudicial. To preserve error for review, an adverse ruling must follow a timely and specific objection. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a). To be timely, an objection must be raised at the earliest opportunity or as soon as the ground of objection becomes apparent. See Martinez v. State, 867 S.W.2d 30, 35 (Tex.Crim.App. 1993). Campbell never made a Rule 403 objection at the hearing on the motion to adjudicate. Thus, we hold that Campbell?s challenge to the prejudicial nature of the evidence is not preserved. Enhancement of Original Supervision
As her fourth point of error, Campbell claims that the trial court erred in enhancing her original community supervision. We hold that the trial court did not commit error because it did not enhance the original supervision. Campbell was first sentenced to two years? deferred adjudication for burglary on May 4, 2005. The State later moved to adjudicate guilt on September 6, 2006, before Campbell completed her probationary period. A court is authorized to hear and adjudicate guilt, as long as the state files a motion to proceed with the adjudication and a capias is issued for the arrest of the defendant before the expiration of the community supervision period. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 42.12, § 5(h) (Vernon 2006). The trial court found that Campbell had violated some of the terms and conditions of her community supervision. Consequently, the trial court adjudicated Campbell guilty of the previous charge of burglary of a building, revoked Campbell?s probation, and sentenced her to two years in a state jail facility. The trial court then suspended that sentence and placed Campbell on community supervision for five years. Campbell?s original community supervision thus was not extended or enhanced. Rather, the trial court found Campbell guilty on her previous charge and then imposed a new punishment. Because there was no enhancement of the original community supervision, we hold that the trial court did not err in sentencing Campbell to five years of community supervision. Mitigating Evidence
Finally, Campbell alleges that there were mitigating elements that the trial court should have considered, and that the court erred in entering a conviction because the evidence was insufficient to prove the violations alleged. In deciding whether the State met its burden of proving the violations by a preponderance of the evidence, the trial court must consider all of the evidence. Battle v. State, 571 S.W.2d 20, 22 (Tex.Crim.App. 1978) (citing Grant v. State, 566 S.W.2d 954, 956 (Tex.Crim.App. 1978)). We review an order revoking probation for abuse of discretion by the trial court. Cardona v. State, 665 S.W.2d 492, 493 (Tex.Crim.App. 1984); Marcel v. State, 64 S.W.3d 677, 679 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, no pet.). In determining questions regarding sufficiency of the evidence in probation revocation cases, the burden of proof is by a preponderance of the evidence. Rickels v. State, 202 S.W.3d 759, 763 (Tex.Crim.App. 2006). The preponderance of the evidence standard is met when the greater weight of the credible evidence creates a reasonable belief that the defendant has violated a condition of his probation. Id. at 763?64. We examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court?s order, keeping in mind that, as the sole trier of fact, a trial court determines the credibility of witnesses. See Garrett v. State, 619 S.W.2d 172, 174 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Jones v. State, 787 S.W.2d 96, 97 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1990, pet. ref?d). To support the trial court?s order to adjudicate guilt, the State must only establish one ground sufficient for revocation. See Moore v. State, 605 S.W.2d 924, 926 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980) (holding that one sufficient ground for revocation of probation is enough to support trial court?s decision). The State offered the testimony of Sara Smart, Campbell?s probation officer, in support of its motion for revocation of Campbell?s community supervision. Smart testified that Campbell tested positive for cocaine and amphetamines/methamphetamines on May 18, 2006. On June 21, 2006 Campbell admitted to using Adderall illegally. On February 1, 2007 Campbell again tested positive for amphetamines/methamphetamines. Smart testified that in June and July of 2006, Campbell failed to report to her supervision officer. Smart also testified that Campbell failed to submit urine specimens for testing on July 19 and 21, 2006, on November 28, 2006, and on April 4 and 5, 2007, even though Smart requested them from Campbell. We hold that the preponderance of the evidence supports the trial judge?s finding that allegations 1, 2, 3, 17, 26, 28, 31, 32, and 33 of the motion to adjudicate guilt are true and that Campbell therefore violated the terms of her community supervision. Campbell claims that she provided prescriptions to account for her failed urinalysis tests, and the probation officer failed to acknowledge these prescriptions. Smart testified that on June 21, Campbell reported for an office visit and signed an admission for illegal use of Adderall without a prescription. Smart testified that Campbell tested positive for amphetamines/methamphetamines on a urinalysis taken on February 1, 2006. Here, evidence of prescriptions would have been moot: Campbell admitted to using Adderall illegally, and she tested positive for cocaine and methamphetamines, for which she provided no prescriptions. Finally, Campbell contends that she was intimidated by her probation officer, which caused problems during her probation process. Campbell does not specify how this feeling of intimidation interfered with her fulfillment of the terms of her deferred adjudication. Campbell does not cite to any authority to support her claim that intimidation is a valid excuse for a violation of the terms of her deferred adjudication. Furthermore, the trial court need only have found that Campbell violated one term of her probation. Presumably, Campbell?s feeling of intimidation would have had no effect on the results of her urinalysis tests. The fact that Campbell tested positive for cocaine and amphetamines/methamphetamines is enough to support the finding that she violated the terms of her community supervision. Campbell argues that the trial court should have considered these ?mitigating factors? in determining her sentence. We must assume that the trial court considered all of the evidence in determining Campbell?s sentence. It initially sentenced Campbell to two years in a state jail facility, and then suspended the sentence and put her on community supervision for five years. The lesser sentence imposed by the trial court indicates that the trial court considered all of the evidence in the sentencing process. Conclusion
Campbell?s complaints about the sufficiency of the evidence to support her original guilty plea and the voluntariness of that plea are not timely, and thus we do not consider those issues. We hold that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the revocation of Campbell?s community supervision and adjudication of her guilt, that the trial court did not err in considering all of the alleged violations, and that the trial court did consider mitigating evidence. Further, upon revocation of parole, the trial court imposed a new sentence, which did not constitute an enhancement of the previous sentence. We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.