Summary
In Burts, the trial court set a hearing to determine support, but denied the wife the opportunity to be present or call witnesses on her behalf.
Summary of this case from Forrest v. ForrestOpinion
44673 Record No. 830848.
June 15, 1984.
Present: All the Justices.
Trial Court erred in excluding litigant from ore tenus hearing to determine support payments in a domestic relations case when litigant requested an opportunity to be present.
(1) Domestic Relations — Support — Child — Spouse — Constitutional Law — Due Process (Va. Const. art. I, Sec. 11) — Opportunity to be Heard is Integral Part of Due Process.
(2) Domestic Relations — Support — Child — Spouse — Pleading and Practice — Ore Tenus Proceeding — Trial Court Has Discretion Whether to Hold Hearing.
(3) Domestic Relations — Support — Child — Spouse — Constitutional Law — Due Process (Va. Const. art. I, Sec. 11) — Pleading and Practice — Ore Tenus Proceeding — If Court Determines to Hold Hearing, Parties Must be Permitted to be Present.
(4) Domestic Relations — Support — Child — Spouse — Constitutional Law — Due Process (Va. Const. art. I, Sec. 11) — Pleading and Practice — Ore Tenus Proceeding — Where Trial Court Holds Hearing to determine Support Payments, and One Party Requests to be
Present, to be Heard, or to Cross-Examine Witnesses, Court Must Hear Evidence, Refer Case to Commissioner, or Order That Evidence be Taken by Depositions.
On 19 January 1983, the Trial Court held a hearing to consider issues of support in a domestic relations case. The wife asked to be present and participate in the proceeding, but the Court denied the request, while it considered various documentary evidence and argument of counsel in chambers with only the lawyers present.
The wife appeals the Court's final order, claiming that the support provisions in the divorce decree are invalid because the Trial Court refused to allow her to be present and give oral testimony at the hearing to determine support.
1. A day in court, an opportunity to be heard, is an integral part of due process of law. Va. Const. art. I, Sec. 11.
2. The decision to hold an ore tenus hearing lies in the discretion of the Trial Court.
3. Once a Trial Court decides to hold an ore tenus hearing, it cannot conduct the hearing in such a manner as to deprive a litigant of her day in court. Barnard v. Barnard, 132 Va. 155, 111 S.E. 227 (1922), distinguished.
4. Where a Trial Court holds a hearing to determine support payments, and one of the parties requests an opportunity to be present, to be heard, and to cross-examine witnesses, due process requires that the Court afford the litigant that opportunity either by hearing the evidence, referring the case to a Commissioner, or ordering that evidence be taken by depositions.
Appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Hanover County. Hon. R. H. C. Taylor, judge presiding.
Reversed in part, and remanded.
Sylvia Clute for appellant.
G. Warthen Downs for appellee.
In this domestic relations case, the wife contends that the child support and spousal support provisions in a final decree of divorce are invalid because the trial court refused to allow her to be present, give evidence, and cross-examine witnesses at the hearing held to determine support. We agree with Beverly Moser Burts' contentions. Therefore, we will reverse in part the trial court's final decree.
On January 19, 1983, the trial court held a hearing to consider the issues of permanent child support, permanent spousal support, and lump-sum spousal support. Mrs. Burts asked, through counsel, whether she could be present and participate in this proceeding. The trial court said no. The court invited the lawyers into chambers where it considered various documentary evidence and the argument of counsel. Mrs. Burts was left out in the hallway. She was not permitted to observe the proceedings or to participate in any fashion. Indeed, the trial court even made note in its final decree that "[t]he defendant's request to be present for the hearing was denied."
This typical divorce proceeding has given rise to an atypical problem of constitutional dimensions. The trial court's conduct gave rough treatment to Mrs. Burts' right to due process. The Constitution of our Commonwealth makes crystal clear that "[n]o person shall be deprived of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law." Va. Const. art. I, Sec. 11. In Moore v. Smith, 177 Va. 621, 626, 15 S.E.2d 48,49 (1941), we said the following about the nature of due process: "A day in court, an opportunity to be heard, is an integral part of due process of law, everywhere recognized." In this case, the trial court adopted a procedure which effectively denied Mrs. Burts her day in court.
[2-3] In response to Mrs. Burts' arguments, Mr. Burts contends that there was no denial of due process because in Barnard v. Barnard, 132 Va. 155, 162, 111 S.E. 227, 229 (1922), we said that "[t]he right to have oral testimony in open court is not conferred upon the parties, but upon the court. . . .,' He goes on to argue that the real dispute here is whether the court should have held an ore tenus hearing. He submits that since such a hearing lies in the discretion of the court, a litigant cannot demand it and if such a hearing is not held, a litigant cannot complain. We see no conflict between Barnard and this appeal.
All we said in Barnard was that the decision to hold an ore tenus hearing belonged to the trial court. We did not say, nor could we have said, that once a trial court decides to hold an ore tenus hearing, it is permitted to conduct the hearing in such a manner as to deprive a litigant of her day in court. Here, the trial court held an ore tenus hearing, yet, it did not permit the parties to be present or to have any direct input.
The trial court could have chosen to resolve the matter without a hearing by considering the deposition testimony of the parties along with properly submitted documentary evidence or by referring the case to a Commissioner in Chancery. The court did not, however, take either approach.
Instead, the trial court set a hearing but refused to allow anyone to attend except the lawyers for the parties. Under the facts and circumstances of this case, that was error. We hold that where, as here, a trial court holds a hearing to determine the question of support payments, and one of the parties requests an opportunity to be present, to be heard, and to cross-examine adversary witnesses, if any, due process requires that the court afford the litigant that opportunity either by hearing the evidence itself, referring the case to a Commissioner, or ordering that evidence be taken by depositions.
We will, therefore, reverse so much of the final decree as awarded child support and spousal support, and we will remand this case for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
Reversed in part, and remanded.