Opinion
1:22-CV-00335
11-12-2024
JARVIS R. BURNS, JR., Plaintiff v. AMERICANFINANCIAL SOLUTIONS, ET AL., Defendants
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
RICHARD A. LANZILLO, CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
I. Recommendation
For the reasons discussed below, it is recommended that this case be dismissed pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) based on Plaintiffs failure to prosecute the action.
II. Report
A. Background and Procedural History
Jarvis R. Bums, Jr., (“Plaintiff'), an inmate in the custody of the United States Bureau of Prisons, commenced this action in state court. On November 2, 2022, the case was removed to this forum. See ECF No. 1. Named as Defendants were Kay Jewelers, Amerifinancial Systems, and Nationwide Recovery Systems. See ECF No. 1-3. Defendants Kay Jewelers and Amerifinancial Systems filed Answers. See ECF Nos. 4, 5. The Court previously dismissed all claims against Defendant Nationwide Recovery Systems based on Plaintiffs failure to prosecute his claims against it. See ECF No. 14.
As to the remaining Defendants, a Case Management Order was issued on February 29, 2024, which set various deadlines. ECF No. 15. A settlement was later reached between Plaintiff and Kay Jewelers, and Kay Jewelers was terminated as a Defendant. ECF No. 22.
Defendant Amerifinancial Solutions then filed a motion for summary judgment. See ECF No. 24. Plaintiff was ordered to respond to the motion (ECF No. 25), he but failed to do so. On August 23, 2024, Plaintiff was ordered to show cause for his failure to respond to Amerifinancial Solution's motion by September 13, 2024. ECF No. 28. Plaintiff was cautioned that his failure to comply would be construed as an indication of his decision not to continue the prosecution of this case and that, would result in the dismissal of his claims for failure to prosecute. Id. No mail has been returned to the Court as undeliverable. To date, Plaintiff has not filed any response to Defendants' motion for summary judgment, a responsive concise statement of material facts, a response to the Court's order to show cause, or any request for extension of time.
B. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41 (b) Legal Standard
Rule 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides, “If the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to comply with these rules or a court order, a defendant may move to dismiss the action or any claim against it.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b); Woods v. Malinowski, 2018 WL 3999660, at *1 (W.D. Pa. July 18, 2018), report and recommendation adopted as modified, 2018 WL 3997344 (W.D. Pa. Aug. 21, 2018)). Even absent a defendant's motion, “[u]nder Rule 41(b), a district court has authority to dismiss an action sua sponte if a litigant fails to prosecute or to comply with a court order.” Qadr v. Overmyer, 642 Fed.Appx. 100, 102 (3d Cir. 2016) (per curiam) (citing Fed.R.Civ.P. 41(b)); see also Adams v. Trustees of New Jersey Brewery Emps.' Pension Trust Fund, 29 F.3d 863, 871 (3d Cir. 1994) (recognizing that a court can dismiss a case sua sponte under Rule 41(b)). “The authority of a court to dismiss sua sponte for lack of prosecution has generally been considered an ‘inherent power,' governed not by rule or statute but by the control necessarily vested in the courts to manage their own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases.” Qadr, 642 Fed.Appx. at 102.
Whether to dismiss an action for failure to prosecute or comply with a court order rests in the sound discretion of the Court. See Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d 184, 190 (3d Cir. 2002) (citations omitted). That discretion, while broad, is guided by six factors identified by the Court of Appeals in Poulis v. State Farm Fire and Cas. Co., 747 F.2d 863, 868 (3d Cir. 1984)). The Poulis factors are (1) the extent of the party's personal responsibility; (2) the prejudice to the adversary caused by the failure to meet scheduling orders and respond to discovery; (3) a history of dilatoriness; (4) whether the conduct of the party or the attorney was willful or in bad faith; (5) the effectiveness of sanctions other than dismissal, which entails an analysis of alternative sanctions; and (6) the meritoriousness of the claim or defense. Id.; see also, Emerson., 296 F.3d at 190. “In balancing the Poulis factors, [courts] do not [employ] a ... ‘mechanical calculation' to determine whether a District Court abused its discretion in dismissing a plaintiffs case.” Briscoe v. Klaus, 538 F.3d 252, 263 (3d Cir. 2008) (quoting Mindek v. Rigatti, 964 F.2d 1369, 1373 (3d Cir. 1992)). “[N]o single Poulis factor is dispositive,” and “not all of the Poulis factors need be satisfied in order to dismiss a complaint.” Emerson., 296 F.3d at 190 (internal citations and quotations omitted).
C. Discussion and Analysis
Normally, the Court must “consider and balance [the six Poulis factors] when deciding, sua sponte, to use dismissal as a sanction. When a litigant's conduct makes adjudication of the case impossible, however, such balancing under Poulis is unnecessary.” Azubuko v. Bell Nat. Org., 243 Fed.Appx. 728, 729 (3d Cir. 2007). Here, Plaintiffs persistent failures to prosecute his case and comply with Court orders has made proper adjudication of the action impossible. Nevertheless, this Report will endeavor to apply the Poulis factors this case.
The first Poulis factor requires that the Court consider the party's personal responsibility. Plaintiff is proceeding pro se. His status, however, does not excuse him from his obligation to abide by Orders of the Court. Plaintiff is solely responsible for meeting the obligations imposed by Court Order. See Smith v. Pennsylvania Dep't of Corr., 2012 WL 4926808, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 16, 2012) (citing Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 258-59 (a pro se plaintiff is personally responsible for the progress of his case and compliance with a court's orders.)). Plaintiff has repeatedly failed to comply with this Court's orders, including orders directing him to respond to Defendants' motion for summary judgment. Accordingly, the first Poulis factor favors dismissal.
The second Poulis factor requires that the Court consider whether Plaintiff s conduct has resulted in any prejudice to Defendants. In this context, examples of prejudice are “the irretrievable loss of evidence, the inevitable dimming of witnesses' memories, or the excessive and possibly irremediable burdens or costs imposed on the opposing party.” Scarborough v. Eubanks, 747 F.2d 871, 876 (3d Cir. 1984). Prejudice for purposes of the Poulis analysis, however, does not mean irremediable harm. Ware v. Rodale Press, Inc., 322 F.3d 218, 222 (3d Cir. 2003). “[T]he burden imposed by impeding a party's ability to prepare effectively a full and complete trial strategy is sufficiently prejudicial.” Id. Plaintiffs repeated failures to respond to Court Orders have frustrated and delayed Defendant Amerifinancial Solution's right to a timely resolution of the case. Accordingly, the second Poulis factor also favors dismissal.
The third Poulis factor requires the Court to consider whether Plaintiff has exhibited a history of dilatoriness over the life of this case. Adams, 29 F.3d at 875 (“a party's problematic acts must be evaluated in light of its behavior over the life of the case.”). “[C]onduct that occurs one or two times is insufficient to demonstrate a ‘history of dilatoriness.'” Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 261. “Extensive or repeated delay or delinquency constitutes a history of dilatoriness, such as consistent non-response to interrogatories, or consistent tardiness in complying with court orders.” Adams, 29 F.3d at 874. Also Plaintiff initially prosecuted his case and achieved a settlement with one defendant, Plaintiff's history of dilatoriness with the other two defendants is well-documented by the record in this case. He has repeatedly failed to comply with deadlines, including deadlines for filing a brief in opposition to Amerifinancial Solution's motion for summary judgment, and responsive concise statement of material fact. He has likewise failed to comply with these deadlines even after the Court sua sponte extended them as part of its orders to show cause. This third Poulis factor also supports dismissal.
The fourth Poulis factor requires the Court to consider whether Plaintiff's conduct was willful or in bad faith. In this context, “[w]illfulness involves intentional or self-serving behavior.” Adams, 29 F.3d at 874. Plaintiffs failure to comply with Court orders “demonstrate[s] a willful disregard for procedural rules and court directives.” Doss v. United States, 2024 WL 759058, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Jan. 22, 2024), report and recommendation adopted, 2024 WL 757090 (W.D. Pa. Feb. 20, 2024). Plaintiff was specifically warned that his failure to respond would be interpreted as his desire to abandon his claims against Amerifinancial Solutions. Finally, no mail sent to the Plaintiff has been returned to the Court as undeliverable. Based on this, the Court can infer that Plaintiff's failure to respond was a deliberate choice. Accordingly, the fourth Poulis factor also supports dismissal.
The fifth Poulis factor requires the Court to consider the effectiveness of alternate sanctions. Dismissal is a sanction of last resort, and it is incumbent upon a court to explore the effectiveness of lesser sanctions before ordering dismissal. Poulis, 747 F.2d at 868. In general, “sanctions less than dismissal [are] ineffective when a litigant, such as [Plaintiff], is proceeding pro se.” Lopez v. Cousins, 435 Fed.Appx. 113, 116 (3d Cir. 2011); Emerson, 296 F.3d at 184. “This case presents such a situation [where the plaintiff's] status as a pro se litigant severely limits the ability of the court to utilize other lesser sanctions to ensure that this litigation progresses in an orderly fashion.” Carr v. Zahuronic, 2022 WL 12073522, at *2 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 20,2022). Plaintiff is also proceeding in forma pauperis here. Therefore, monetary sanctions would likely be ineffective. Finally, Plaintiffs failure to respond to the Court's prior orders strongly supports that further orders would be ineffective. Accordingly, the fifth Poulis factor weighs in favor of dismissal.
The sixth and final Poulis factor requires the Court to consider the meritoriousness of the claim. A claim is considered “meritorious” for the purposes of the Poulis analysis when the allegations of the complaint, if established at trial, would support recovery. Poulis, 747 F.3d at 870. To evaluate this factor, a court applies the standard for a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. Briscoe, 538 F.3d at 263. But here, this factor does not favor Plaintiff because he “is now wholly non-compliant with the court's instructions. [Plaintiff] cannot refuse to comply with court orders which are necessary to allow resolution of the merits of [his] claims, and then assert the untested merits of these claims as grounds for declining to dismiss the case.” Stephens v. Mosher, 2024 WL 1501801, at *3 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 4, 2024), report and recommendation adopted, 2024 WL 1494438 (M.D. Pa. Apr. 5, 2024). In this posture, Plaintiffs failure to respond to Defendants' concise statement of material facts has resulted in each of Defendants' properly supported assertions of fact being deemed admitted pursuant to Local Rule 56.E of this Court's Local Rules. Defendants have also “presented ... arguments which since they are not rebutted appear to be meritorious.” Fowler v. Tennis, 2011 WL 1988418, at *3 (M.D. Pa. May 2, 2011), report and recommendation adopted, 2011 WL 1990555 (M.D. Pa. May 23, 2011). Accordingly, this factor also favors dismissal.
D. Conclusion
Because all six Poulis factors weigh in favor of dismissal of this action for lack of prosecution, it is recommended that:
(1) This case be DISMISSED without prejudice pursuant to Rule 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure;
(2) Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 24) be DISMISSED as moot, and
(3) The Clerk of Court be directed to close this case.
III. Notice Concerning Objections
In accordance with the Magistrate Judges Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), Fed.R.Civ.P. 72((b)(2), and Local Rule 72(D)(2), the parties are permitted to file written objections in accordance with the schedule established in the docket entry reflecting the filing of this Report and Recommendation. Failure to timely file objections will waive the right to appeal. Brightwell v. Lehman, 637 F.3d 187, 193 n. 7 (3d Cir. 2011). Any party opposing objections may file their response to the objections within fourteen (14) days thereafter in accordance with Local Civil Rule 72(D)(2).