Opinion
July, 1904.
George W. Burnham, Jr. (James W. Osborne, George Burnham, and Sewell T. Tyng, of counsel), for motion.
Baldwin White, opposed.
This is an action for libel. The article complained of is as follows: "In the published insurance reports the annual statement for the year 1900 of the Mutual Reserve the item `Total income during the year' appears as follows: Connecticut insurance report, $14,623,413.85; Wisconsin insurance report, $14,304,983.54; New York insurance report, $5,333,969.80; Massachusetts insurance report, $4,438,926.95. Deducting the $8,158,523.52 of `liens,' which the Massachusetts commissioner `knocked out,' there would still be a discrepancy of $2,025,963.38 in the `total income' as reported to Connecticut. In each of these States swearing to a false report is perjury, and Burnham (meaning the plaintiff) in each case took oath that the report was true and correct." The answer undertakes to set forth the entire article as published, as well that portion not complained of as that which is. In so far as it sets forth additional matter, the answer is clearly irrelevant and should be stricken out under Kelly v. Waterbury, 87 N.Y. 179, but the defendant should be allowed to amend his answer at folio 4 thereof by admitting and alleging the publication by him of the article, a copy of which is annexed to the answer, and by denying that he published the alleged libelous article as set forth in the complaint; and he should also have leave to amend his separate and first defense by adding to it an allegation setting forth the fact that the article as pleaded in the complaint is incomplete. These two amendments should be allowed, without costs. The plaintiff also moves to strike out subdivision 1 of paragraph 2 and subdivision 1 of paragraph 3, which consist of repetitions of allegations and denials set forth in paragraph 1. It is well settled that such repetitions are unnecessary and will be stricken out on motion. Stieffel v. Tolhurst, 55 A.D. 532; Waltham Mfg. Co. v. Brady, 67 id. 102; White v. Koster, 89 Hun, 483; Blaut v. Blaut, 41 Misc. 572; Zacharias v. French, 10 id. 202. This will eliminate from the answer all of subdivision 1 of paragraph 3 except the repetition of subdivisions 2, 3 and 4 of paragraph 2. The third ground of the motion is to strike out the two subdivisions of paragraph 2 of the answer, being the plea of justification, which are last numbered 3 and 4. As it is not necessary for the defendant to prove the truth of any portions of the article not pleaded by the plaintiff, and as the matter alleged in these paragraphs relates to the portion already directed to be stricken out of the first defense and justification, the motion should be granted, but they are allowed as a part of the second and partial defense in mitigation and the defendant should have leave to amend the second and partial defense beginning at folio 26, by adding the allegations contained in subdivision 3 and 4 of paragraph 2 of the answer, beginning at folio 20. The next ground of the motion is to strike out the allegations contained in subdivision 4 of paragraph 3, which relates to the fact that other publications have not been successfully sued for libel by the plaintiff, which is clearly immaterial (see Palmer v. New York News Pub. Co., 31 A.D. 210) and should be stricken out. The sixth ground relates to a portion of subdivision 6 of paragraph 3 of the answer, to-wit, that it appeared from statements of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, as contained in books published by the insurance departments of the four States mentioned in the article (referred to in a former part of the pleading), that the assets of the association were decreasing; that the liabilities were increasing; that the death claims were not being promptly paid, and that the defendant had received many calls in his office and letters from policy-holders and others inquiring if something could not be done to save and prevent the mismanagement of the association. The matter thus sought to be stricken out is pleaded as a separate and partial defense, as well as in mitigation of damages, and the plaintiff invokes the rule that mitigation does not mean the pleading of facts entirely disconnected with the original libel and which would of themselves constitute a separate and distinct libel from that originally complained of. Hess v. New York Press Co., 26 A.D. 73; Mattice v. Wilcox, 147 N.Y. 624. While it is true that the facts objected to relate only to the financial condition of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, still, as the article complained of charges the plaintiff with having committed perjury with regard to such financial condition, it cannot be said that the information which the defendant thus possessed in respect thereto and the sources thereof have no bearing upon such charge. Matters set up in mitigation will not be stricken out as irrelevant and redundant if the court has the slightest doubt as to its admissibility. Townsh. Slan. Lib. (4th ed.) 605, § 361, and cases there cited. Moreover, the rules by which the sufficiency of a pleading is ordinarily determined cannot be applied in all their strictness to a partial defense pleaded by way of mitigation of damages. Bradner v. Faulkner, 93 N.Y. 515; Morgan v. Bennett, 44 A.D. 323. The answer avers that the facts thus objected to, as well as certain others within his knowledge, were published in the belief that they were true, and, applying the principles above laid down to the present case, it is apparent that such facts have a bearing upon the question of malice and hence should not be stricken out. These observations apply with equal force to the seventh ground of the plaintiff's motion relative to the same subdivisions of the answer, which alleges in effect that the defendant's attention had been first directed to the affairs of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association by a policy-holder of the association and that he had received numerous letters and calls from policy-holders complaining of its unsatisfactory condition and requesting the defendant to aid in obtaining a better management of the said association and redress the policy-holders' grievances, and the motion to strike out the same should, therefore, be denied. The eighth ground of the motion is to strike from the same subdivision the words "and disbursements." The defendant alleges that he has examined certain books purporting to contain the report of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association and found that the questions relating to income "and disbursements" were differently answered in different reports for the same year. While it is true that the article only charges the plaintiff with swearing falsely to the reports as to the income of the association, still as "income" may depend upon "disbursements" the motion should be denied under the rules above stated. The ninth ground is directed to matters contained in the same subdivision of the answer, which consist entirely of allegations pleaded in mitigation of damages as to the alleged mismanagement of the affairs of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association. As this comes within the same category as the sixth ground, the motion in respect thereto should be denied. The tenth ground is directed to an allegation in subdivision 7 of paragraph 3 of the answer, to the effect that the defendant has been informed and knew that the said association had not been permitted to continue its business in a large number of States, including the State of Minnesota. Since it has not been made to appear that such association was excluded from any of the States mentioned in the alleged libelous article, or on any ground having any relation to the charge complained of, the allegation so objected to is clearly irrelevant and immaterial and consequently should be stricken out. The eleventh ground is directed to a certain further allegation in the same subdivision, wherein it is alleged that the defendant has read the report of the Hon. Louis F. Payn, Superintendent of Insurance of the State of New York, during the year 1899 on the condition of the said association, and had consultation with various insurance experts regarding the affairs of the said association above referred to. As it is not shown what information was obtained from such sources, this is irrelevant and can be used neither in justification nor mitigation of the charge of perjury, and, therefore, should be stricken out. The motion is, therefore, in the respects herein noted, granted; but in all other respects denied, with leave to the defendant to amend his answer as herein indicated, without costs.
Ordered accordingly.