Opinion
No. 14-1016
08-19-2014
COREY BURGESS, Petitioner - Appellant, v. CHARLES A. DANIELS, Respondent - Appellee.
(D.C. No. 1:13-CV-00293-LTB)
(D. Colo.)
ORDER AND JUDGMENT Before GORSUCH, MURPHY, and HOLMES, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and Tenth Circuit Rule 32.1.
Appellant Corey Burgess, proceeding pro se, appeals the denial of three post-judgment motions he filed following the district court's denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2241 application for a writ of habeas corpus. Mr. Burgess has also filed a motion seeking leave to proceed in forma pauperis ("IFP") in this appeal. For the reasons set forth below, we now dismiss Mr. Burgess's appeal as untimely as it relates to the district court's minute orders of May 21 and June 18, 2013. With respect to district court's order of January 2, 2014, we affirm the district court's denial of Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion, but remand for the district court to amend the judgment to clarify that Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion is denied with prejudice. We grant Mr. Burgess's motion to proceed IFP.
Because Mr. Burgess is proceeding pro se, his filings are construed liberally. See Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (per curiam); Garza v. Davis, 596 F.3d 1198, 1201 n.2 (10th Cir. 2010).
Mr. Burgess separately appealed the district court's denial of his habeas application in consolidated appeals nos. 13-1101 and 13-1235. In an unpublished order and judgment, we resolved that appeal by affirming the district court's denial of all of Mr. Burgess's habeas claims.
I
Mr. Burgess is a prisoner in federal custody. At the time he filed his habeas application, Mr. Burgess was incarcerated in the Special Management Unit ("SMU") at the United States Penitentiary in Florence, Colorado. On February 4, 2013, Mr. Burgess, proceeding pro se, filed an application for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. On May 2, 2013, the district court dismissed without prejudice all three of Mr. Burgess's habeas claims. As noted, Mr. Burgess appealed the district court's order, and we ultimately affirmed. See supra, note 2.
While Mr. Burgess's appeal was pending, he filed numerous post-judgment motions with the district court. The district court's denials of three such motions form the substance of this appeal. First, on May 20, 2013, Mr. Burgess filed a motion seeking information regarding the procedure required to have the district court judge and magistrate judge in his case removed on the basis of personal bias. The district court denied this motion on May 21, 2013, explaining that because Mr. Burgess's case had already been dismissed, the motion was moot. Second, on June 14, 2013, Mr. Burgess filed a motion seeking a preliminary injunction directed at Bureau of Prisons ("BOP") staff to enjoin conduct that Mr. Burgess alleged unlawfully limited prisoners' access to legal resources. The district court also denied this motion as moot in a minute order on June 18, 2013.
Finally, on December 23, 2013, Mr. Burgess filed a Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 60(b) motion seeking relief from the district court's dismissal of his habeas claims. The district court denied this motion on January 2, 2014, concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to consider the motion because Mr. Burgess had already filed a notice of appeal. See R. at 132 (Order Denying Mot. to Reconsider, filed Jan. 2, 2014) ("Mr. Burgess's motion to reconsider must be denied because this Court was divested of its jurisdiction to consider matters presented by the Applicant upon the filing of his notice of appeal."). Mr. Burgess filed two notices of appeal on January 10, 2014, noticing his intention to appeal all three of the above-mentioned orders of the district court.
Although the district court was silent as to whether the denial of this motion was with or without prejudice, "[i]t is fundamental . . . that a dismissal for lack of jurisdiction is not an adjudication of the merits and therefore . . . must be without prejudice." Abernathy v. Wandes, 713 F.3d 538, 558 (10th Cir. 2013) (quoting Martinez v. Richardson, 472 F.2d 1121, 1126 (10th Cir. 1973)) (internal quotation marks omitted), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 134 S. Ct. 1874 (2014).
II
A
We are compelled to dismiss as untimely Mr. Burgess's appeals from the district court's orders of May 21 and June 18, 2013. Under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(1)(B), the appellant in a case in which the United States or an employee or official thereof is a party must file a notice of appeal "within 60 days after entry of the judgment or order appealed from." The Supreme Court has made clear that this requirement is both "mandatory and jurisdictional." Bowles v. Russell, 551 U.S. 205, 209 (2007) (quoting Griggs v. Provident Consumer Discount Co., 459 U.S. 56, 61 (1982) (per curiam)) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Mr. Burgess seeks to appeal from the district court's order of May 21, 2013. Under Rule 4(a)(1)(B), Mr. Burgess thus needed to file his notice of appeal no later than July 22, 2013. Here, however, Mr. Burgess's notice of appeal was not filed until January 10, 2014—nearly six months after the jurisdictional deadline—and thus was plainly untimely. Mr. Burgess likewise waited too long to file his notice of appeal from the district court's order of June 18, 2013. The deadline for filing a notice of appeal from that order was August 19, 2013, meaning Mr. Burgess's January 2014 notice of appeal was more than four months late.
Sixty days actually fell on Saturday, July 20, 2013. The notice of appeal was thus due the subsequent Monday. See Fed. R. App. P. 26(a)(1)(C).
Here too, sixty days fell on a Saturday, August 17, 2013, and the notice of appeal was thus due the subsequent Monday. See Fed. R. App. P. 26(a)(1)(C).
B
By contrast with the other claims in this appeal, Mr. Burgess did file a timely notice of appeal from the district court's January 2, 2014 order denying his motion under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b). The district court denied this motion on the basis that, because Mr. Burgess had already filed a notice of appeal from the denial of his habeas application, the district court was "divested of its jurisdiction to consider matters presented by the Applicant." R. at 132. Although we conclude that the district court erred in finding that it lacked jurisdiction to consider Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion, we nonetheless affirm the district court's denial of that motion. Recognizing that there are no material factual disputes before us, we are comfortable proceeding in the first instance to conclude that Mr. Burgess's motion raised no meritorious basis for relief. See United States v. Eccleston, 521 F.3d 1249, 1251 (10th Cir. 2008) (remanding with instructions to dismiss § 2241 application with prejudice where "the application fail[ed] to raise any viable claim"); Sac & Fox Nation of Mo. v. Norton, 240 F.3d 1250, 1264 (10th Cir. 2001) (reaching the merits of a question not considered by the district court where doing so was "in the interests of judicial economy" and "the facts relevant to that issue [were] uncontroverted and the issue thus hinge[d] on a [purely legal] question"); Ohlander v. Larson, 114 F.3d 1531, 1538 (10th Cir. 1997) ("[R]emand is not necessary where there is no dispute regarding the underlying facts and where it is in the interest of judicial economy and efficiency to decide the matter.").
We note that Mr. Burgess's opening brief arguably might be construed as additionally seeking review of the district court's January 24, 2014, order overruling Mr. Burgess's objection to the district court's January 2 order. See generally Smith v. Barry, 502 U.S. 244, 248-49 (1992) ("If a document filed within the time specified by [Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure] 4 gives the notice required by Rule 3, it is effective as a notice of appeal."). Even if this were true, having reviewed Mr. Burgess's objection and the district court's January 24 order, we would reach essentially the same conclusion as we have with respect to the district court's January 2 order—that is, although the district court erred in concluding that it lacked jurisdiction to consider Mr. Burgess's objection, we may nonetheless affirm the denial of that objection on the alternative basis that the objection was clearly lacking in merit—a point that is underscored by our decision affirming the district court's judgment in Mr. Burgess's appeal from the court's denial of his habeas application, see supra note 2.
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Specifically, as the government has conceded in this case, the district court erred when it found that it lacked jurisdiction to consider Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion simply because Mr. Burgess had filed a notice of appeal with this court. It is true, of course, that as a general matter "[t]he filing of a notice of appeal is an event of jurisdictional significance [that] confers jurisdiction on the court of appeals and divests the district court of its control over those aspects of the case involved in the appeal." United States v. Battles, 745 F.3d 436, 448 (10th Cir. 2014) (alterations in original) (emphasis omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted), pet. for cert. filed (U.S. April 28, 2014) (No. 13-1309). However, "[i]n ordinary civil cases the rule is that after an appeal has been taken the district court retains jurisdiction to consider and deny a Rule 60(b) motion and, if it indicates that it will grant the motion, the movant may then ask the Court of Appeals to remand the case so that the district court may act." Aune v. Reynders, 344 F.2d 835, 841 (10th Cir. 1965); see Allison v. Bank One-Denver, 289 F.3d 1223, 1243 (10th Cir. 2002) (noting that a pending appeal does not preclude a district court from entertaining a Rule 60(b) motion); W.N.J. v. Yocom, 257 F.3d 1171, 1173 n.1 (10th Cir. 2001) ("A district court may . . . consider a Rule 60(b) motion and deny it on its merits without remand by the Court of Appeals."); Aldrich Enters., Inc. v. United States, 938 F.2d 1134, 1143 (10th Cir. 1991) (noting that although district court lacked jurisdiction to grant Rule 60(b) motion while appeal was pending, "the court was free to consider the motion, and the court could then either deny it on the merits, or [notify the court of appeals] of its intention to grant the motion upon proper remand"); see also Soc'y of Lloyd's v. Bennett, 182 F. App'x 840, 844 (10th Cir. 2006) ("[A] district court retains jurisdiction to deny a Rule 60(b) motion during pendency of appeal." (emphasis in original)). Accordingly, although the district court here lacked jurisdiction to grant Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion, it was not in fact precluded from considering and denying the motion on its merits.
Notwithstanding the district court's misapprehension of its own jurisdiction, we now affirm that court's denial of Mr. Burgess's motion and remand for clarification that this denial is on the merits and accordingly with prejudice. See Eccleston, 521 F.3d at 1251 ("We set aside that dismissal [without prejudice] and remand with instructions to dismiss . . . with prejudice, because the application fails to raise any viable claim."). Having reviewed Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion, we find that this motion advances substantially the same arguments Mr. Burgess made on direct appeal from the district court judgment denying habeas relief. Having already resolved that appeal on the merits against Mr. Burgess, see supra note 2, we conclude that there is no need to remand for further proceedings on these arguments in the district court. Accordingly, we conclude that it is in the interest of judicial economy and efficiency for this court to reach the merits of Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion. For the reasons already set forth in our order and judgment affirming the denial of habeas relief, we now likewise affirm the district court's denial of Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion and remand with instructions that the district court amend its judgment to clarify that this denial is with prejudice.
III
For the foregoing reasons, we DISMISS Mr. Burgess's appeal from the district court's minute orders of May 21 and June 18, 2013, as untimely. We AFFIRM the district court's denial of Mr. Burgess's Rule 60(b) motion, but REMAND this case to the district court to amend the judgment to clarify that the motion is denied with prejudice. Mr. Burgess's motion to proceed IFP is GRANTED.
Entered for the Court
JEROME A. HOLMES
Circuit Judge