Opinion
Civil Action 3:22-CV-00755
04-24-2023
JOSE BRAN, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES, et al., Defendants.
MEMORANDUM
KAROLINE MEHALCHICK, CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE.
Presently before the Court are several motions filed by pro se Plaintiff Jose Bran (“Bran”), including a motion for class certification (Doc. 45), a motion to appoint counsel (Doc. 49), three motions for joinder (Doc. 50; Doc. 56; Doc. 64), a motion to amend/correct. (Doc. 51), and a “motion to consider, contract degree [and] notice announcement with affidavit” (Doc. 65). Bran, a prisoner incarcerated in the United States Penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania (“USP-Lewisburg”), commenced this civil rights and negligence action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971), and the Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), 28 U.S.C. § 1346. (Doc. 1). On May 23, 2022, Bran filed the complaint against Defendants the United States, the Federal Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”), J. Meyers, the National Gang Unit Agency, and S.I.S. (Doc. 1). For the following reasons, the motion to appoint counsel (Doc. 49) will be DENIED, and the motion for class certification (Doc. 45), the motion to amend/correct (Doc. 51), motions for joinder (Doc. 50; Doc. 56; Doc. 64), and motion to consider (Doc. 65) will be deemed WITHDRAWN.
I. Discussion
Bran has failed to timely support his motion for class certification, motion to amend/correct, motions for joinder with briefs, and “motion to consider, contract degree [and] notice announcement with affidavit.” (Doc. 45; Doc. 50; Doc. 51; Doc. 56; Doc. 64; Doc. 65). Further, Bran's motion to amend does not comply with Local Rule 15.1, as it does not contain, among other requirements, a proposed amended complaint. (Doc. 51).
In relevant part, Middle District Local Rule requires, in relevant part, as follows:
Within fourteen (14) days after the filing of any motion, the party filing the motion shall file a brief in support of the motion .... If a supporting brief is not filed within the time provided in this rule the motion shall be deemed to be withdrawn. A brief shall not be required: a) In support of a motion for enlargement of time if the reasons for the request are fully stated in the motion, (b) In support of any motion which has concurrence of all parties, and the reasons for the motion and the relief sought are fully stated therein, or (c) In support of a motion for appointment of counsel.M.D. L.R. 7.5.
Local Rule 7.8 subsequently provides that supporting briefs “shall contain complete citations of all authorities relied upon,” and that “[t]he brief of the moving party shall contain a procedural history of the case, a statement of facts, a statement of questions involved, and argument.” M.D. L.R. 7.8.
Regarding the motion to amend/correct, Local Rule 15.1 provides as follows:
(a) Proposed amendment to accompany the motion.
When a party files a motion requesting leave to file an amended pleading, the proposed amended pleading must be retyped or reprinted so that it will be complete in itself including exhibits and shall be filed on paper as a separate document or, in the Electronic Filing System, as an attachment to the motion. If the motion is granted, the clerk shall forthwith file the amended pleading. Unless otherwise ordered, an amended pleading that does not add a new defendant shall be deemed to have been served for the purpose of determining the time for response under Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a), on the date the court grants leave for its filing. A party granted leave to amend its pleading, when the
amended pleading would add a new defendant, shall file and effect service of the amended pleading within thirty (30) days after the date of the Order granting leave for its filing.
(b) Highlighting of amendments.
The party filing the motion requesting leave to file an amended pleading shall provide: (1) the proposed amended pleading as set forth in subsection (a) of this rule, and (2) a copy of the original pleading in which stricken material has been lined through and any new material has been inserted and underlined or set forth in bold-faced type.M.D. L.R. 15.1.
Compliance with Local Rule 15.1 and the submission of a proposed amended complaint is essential to any informed consideration of a motion to amend a complaint. As we have observed: “[t]he Court cannot determine whether amendment would be futile in this case unless the plaintiffs follow Local Rule 15.1,” and provide the proposed amended complaint for our review. Williams v. City of Scranton, No. 3:10-CV-388, 2011 WL 1257942, at *3 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 30, 2011). Therefore, when plaintiffs have moved to amend their complaint, without complying with Local Rule 15.1 and providing the court with a copy of the actual proposed amended complaint, our practice has been to deny the motion and order compliance with the Local Rule. See e.g., Glunk v. Pennsylvania State Bd. of Med., No. 1:14-CV-659, 2015 WL 999135, at *1 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 5, 2015); Ulrich v. Corbett, No. 1:14-CV-0919, 2014 WL 3339566, at *1 (M.D. Pa. July 8, 2014); Braddy Robinson v. Hilton Scranton Hotel & Conference Ctr., No. CIV.A. 3:08-CV-0286, 2008 WL 4425281, at *1 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 24, 2008); Day v. Hilton Scranton Hotel & Conference Ctr., No. CIV.A. 3:08-CV-0288, 2008 WL 4425283, at *1 (M.D. Pa. Sept. 24, 2008). This practice, in turn, has been expressly endorsed by the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which has observed that “the District Court's determination to deny leave to amend for an abuse of discretion. See Lake v. Arnold, 232 F.3d 360, 373 (3d Cir. 2000). The Third Circuit concluded that “[f]ailure to supply a draft amended complaint is an adequate basis for denying leave to amend.” Brooks-McCollum v. Emerald Ridge Serv. Corp., 563 Fed.Appx. 144, 147-48 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 135 S.Ct. 143 (2014).
Bran was provided a copy of these Local Rules at the onset of this case. (Doc. 4-2). Nevertheless, Bran has not complied with Local Rules 7.5, 7.8 and 15.1 because he has not filed briefs in support of his motion for class certification, motion to amend, motions for joinder, or motion to consider as required, nor has he submitted a proposed completed amended pleading containing all of his present claims, including those against named Defendants and any newly identified Defendants. (Doc. 45; Doc. 50; Doc. 51; Doc. 56; Doc. 64; Doc. 65). “The Court is aware that pro se filers are held to a lesser standard than counseled parties, but even pro se litigants must substantially comply with the Local Rules of Court and must provide arguments with supporting legal authority.” See Cooper v. Wetzel, No. 4:21-CV-01793, 2022 WL 17084139, at *2 (M.D. Pa. Nov. 18, 2022).
Accordingly, as Bran's motion for class certification, motion to amend/correct, motions for joinder, and motion to consider fail to comply with Local Rule 7.5, the motions are deemed withdrawn. (Doc. 45; Doc. 50; Doc. 51; Doc. 56; Doc. 64; Doc. 65); see M.D. L.R. 7.5. Should Bran choose to file a renewed motion to amend/correct, he is advised that he should comply with the requirements of this rule. The proposed amended complaint must be complete in all respects. It must be a new pleading which stands by itself as an adequate complaint without reference to the complaint already filed. See Young v. Keohane, 809 F.Supp. 1185, 1198 (M.D. Pa. 1992). The proposed amended complaint must recite factual allegations which are sufficient to raise Bran's claimed right to relief beyond the level of mere speculation, contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), set forth in averments that are “concise, and direct,” Fed.R.Civ.P. 8(e)(1), and stated in separately numbered paragraphs describing the date and time of the events alleged, and identifying wherever possible the participants in the acts about which Bran complains. Further, the claims set forth in the complaint should arise out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences, and they should contain a question of law or fact common to all Defendants. Finally, the Court places Bran on notice that failure to comply with this direction may result in the dismissal of this action pursuant to Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
II. Motion to Appoint Counsel
Although prisoners have no constitutional or statutory right to appointment of counsel in a civil case, Parham v. Johnson, 126 F.3d 454, 456-57 (3d Cir. 1997), the court has discretion to request “an attorney to represent any person unable to afford counsel.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1); see also Montgomery v. Pinchak, 294 F.3d 492, 499 (3d Cir. 2002); Tabron v. Grace, 6 F.3d 147, 153 (3d Cir. 1993). Under § 1915(e)(1), the “court may request an attorney to represent any person unable to employ counsel.” The district court's appointment of counsel is discretionary and must be made on a case-by-case basis. Tabron, 6 F.3d at 157-58. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has stated that appointment of counsel for an indigent litigant should be made when circumstances indicate “the likelihood of substantial prejudice to him resulting, for example, from his probable inability without such assistance to present the facts and legal issues to the court in a complex but arguably meritorious case.” Smith-Bey v. Petsock, 741 F.2d 22, 26 (3d Cir. 1984).
The initial determination to be made by the court in evaluating the expenditure of the “precious commodity” of volunteer counsel is whether the plaintiff's case has some arguable merit in fact and law. Montgomery, 294 F.3d at 499. If a plaintiff overcomes this threshold hurdle, other factors to be examined are:
(1) the plaintiff's ability to present his or her own case; (2) the difficulty of the particular legal issues; (3) the degree to which factual investigation will be necessary and the ability of the claimant to pursue investigation; (4) the plaintiff's capacity to retain counsel on his or her own behalf; (5) the extent to which the case is likely to turn on credibility determinations; and (6) whether the case will require testimony from expert witnesses.Montgomery, 294 F.3d at 499 (citing Tabron, 6 F.3d at 155-57).
Additionally, another practical consideration must be taken into account when considering a motion for appointment of counsel. As the Third Circuit has observed:
[W]e must take note of the significant practical restraints on the district courts' ability to appoint counsel: the ever-growing number of prisoner civil rights actions filed each year in the federal courts; the lack of funding to pay appointed counsel; and the limited supply of competent lawyers who are willing to undertake such representation without compensation. We have no doubt that there are many cases in which district courts seek to appoint counsel but there is simply none willing to accept appointment. It is difficult to fault a district court that denies a request for appointment under such circumstances.Tabron, 6 F.3d at 157.
In the renewed motion to appoint/correct, Bran states that appointment of counsel is necessary because: (1) “counsel can explain the applicable legal principles to the complaint and limit litigation to potentially meritorious issues;” (2) “the case has merits to stand any opposing motion;” (3) cross-examination will be important to the case; (4) he lacks legal expertise and “complex discovery rules clearly put him at a disadvantage;” and (5) his confinement in SMU makes it difficult to litigate his case. (Doc. 49, at 1-2). On the record presently before the Court, application of the Tabron factors weighs in favor of denying Bran's application for appointment of counsel at this time.
In evaluating this first factor, courts should consider “the plaintiff's education, literacy, prior work experience, and prior litigation experience . . . plaintiff's ability to understand English . . . or, if the plaintiff is a prisoner, the restraints placed upon him or her by confinement.” Tabron, 6 F.3d at 156. Bran has thus far demonstrated an ability to adequately litigate this case, as he filed a complaint, amended complaints, and multiple motions to amend/correct that include headings and numbered paragraphs outlining defendants, facts, allegations, legal standards, and other necessary information. (Doc. 1; Doc. 7; Doc. 21; Doc. 22; Doc. 23; Doc. 32; Doc. 51). By logically presenting his claims, Bran has demonstrated the ability to comprehend the legal issues and provide facts to support his claims. See Easley v. Tritt, No. 1:17-CV-930, 2020 WL 836695, at *22 (M.D. Pa. Feb. 20, 2020). Bran also successfully filed the motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, the several motions to appoint counsel, a motion for class certification, three motions for joinder, and a “motion to consider, contract degree [and] notice announcement with affidavit.” (Doc. 2; Doc. 3; Doc. 6; Doc. 7; Doc. 31; Doc. 45; Doc. 46; Doc. 49; Doc. 50; Doc. 56; Doc. 64; Doc. 65); see Montgomery, 294 F.3d at 499. Bran “has shown he sufficiently understands court procedure” and has the apparent ability to comprehend the legal issues and litigate this action thus far. Daughtry v. Kauffman,, No. 3:17-CV-0442, 2019 WL 118600, at *4 (M.D. PA. Jan. 7, 2019). However, Bran's limited law library access slightly tips the balance in his favor for the first Tabron factor. See 6 F.3d at 156. In addition, the fourth Tabron factor, Bran's ability to retain counsel on his own, also weighs in favor of granting the motion because Bran's in forma pauperis status demonstrates that his is unable to afford an attorney. (Doc. 2); see Tabron, 6 F.3d at 156.
However, the remaining Tabron factors weigh against appointing counsel. There is no indication that Bran is unable to present his case and the legal issues do not appear to be particularly difficult or complex. (Doc. 35). Because “most of” the Tabron factors have not been met at this time, coupled with this Court's duty to construe pro se pleadings liberally, Bran's claims weigh against the appointment of counsel. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519 (1972); see also Daughtry, 2019 WL 118600, at *5 (citation omitted) (denied motion to appoint counsel where plaintiff successfully presented arguments, obtained relevant records to support his claims, and independently attempted to obtain counsel without success).
Accordingly, Bran's motion for appointment of counsel will be denied. (Doc. 49). Should future proceedings demonstrate the need for counsel, the matter may be reconsidered either sua sponte or upon motion of Bran.
III. Conclusion
Based on the foregoing reasons, Bran's motion to appoint counsel is DENIED. (Doc. 49). In addition, the motion for class certification, motion to amend/correct, motions for joinder, and “motion to consider, contract degree [and] notice announcement with affidavit” are deemed WITHDRAWN. (Doc. 45; Doc. 50; Doc. 51; Doc. 56; Doc. 64; Doc. 65).
An appropriate Order follows.