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In Birdwell, the Ninth Circuit held that the district court properly concluded that the plaintiff's claims for declaratory and injunctive relief were moot because, after filing the case, he was “transferred to another prison where he [was] no longer subject to the prison policies he challenged.
Summary of this case from Rutledge v. Roosevelt Cnty. JailOpinion
No. 12-17345
11-30-2015
BILLY PAUL BIRDWELL, II, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. JEFFREY BEARD; et al., Defendants - Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 2:10-cv-00719-KJM-GGH MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California
Kimberly J. Mueller, District Judge, Presiding Before: TASHIMA, OWENS, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
California state prisoner Billy Paul Birdwell, II, appeals pro se from the district court's summary judgment in his action alleging 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act ("RLUIPA") claims. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1030 (9th Cir. 2015), and we affirm.
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Birdwell's RLUIPA claim for damages because RLUIPA does not allow for damages against individuals sued in their official or individual capacities. See Wood v. Yordy, 753 F.3d 899, 904 (9th Cir. 2014) (RLUIPA does not contemplate liability of government employees in individual capacity); Holley v. Cal. Dep't of Corr., 599 F.3d 1108, 1114 (9th Cir. 2010) ("The Eleventh Amendment bars [an inmate's] suit for official-capacity damages under RLUIPA.").
The district court properly concluded that Birdwell's claims for injunctive and declaratory relief were moot because after bringing this action, Birdwell was transferred to another prison where he is no longer subject to the prison policies he challenges. See Alvarez v. Hill, 667 F.3d 1061, 1064 (9th Cir. 2012) (a prisoner's claims for injunctive and declaratory relief relating to prison conditions are rendered moot by his transfer to another facility).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Birdwell's First Amendment free exercise claims for damages because Birdwell failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendants' challenged actions were not "reasonably related to legitimate penological interests." Walker v. Beard, 789 F.3d 1125, 1138 (9th Cir. 2015) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted) (elements of a free exercise claim).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Birdwell's equal protection claim because Birdwell failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether prison officials intentionally discriminated against him on the basis of his practice of Odinism. See Freeman v. Arpaio, 125 F.3d 732, 737 (9th Cir. 1997) (§ 1983 plaintiff must show that officials intentionally acted in a discriminatory manner to establish an equal protection claim), abrogated on other grounds as recognized by Shakur v. Schriro, 514 F.3d 878, 884-85 (9th Cir. 2008).
The district court properly granted summary judgment on Birdwell's retaliation claims because Birdwell failed to raise a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether defendants took an adverse action against him in response to his protected conduct. See Brodheim v. Cry, 584 F.3d 1262, 1269-71 (9th Cir. 2009) (setting forth elements of a retaliation claim in the prison context, and noting that "a plaintiff must show that his protected conduct was the substantial or motivating factor behind the defendant's conduct" (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).
The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Birdwell's requests for appointment of counsel because Birdwell failed to demonstrate exceptional circumstances. See Palmer v. Valdez, 560 F.3d 965, 970 (9th Cir. 2009) (setting forth standard of review and "exceptional circumstances" requirement).
We do not consider issues or arguments not specifically and distinctly raised and argued in the opening brief, or arguments and allegations raised for the first time on appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009) (per curiam).
AFFIRMED.