Opinion
CASE NO. 4:16 CV 2473
02-08-2017
IVAN RAY BEGAY, Petitioner, v. WARDEN MERLAK, Respondent.
OPINION AND ORDER CHRISTOPHER A. BOYKO , J. :
Pro se Petitioner Ivan Ray Begay filed this Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. He is currently incarcerated in FCI Elkton in Ohio having been convicted in 2001 in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona on eight counts of Sexual Assault. In his Petition, he alleges he was transferred from FCI Seagaville in Texas to FCI Fort Dix in New Jersey in retaliation for statements he made to officers investigating sexual misconduct charges against a FCI Seagaville staff member. He asks this Court to commute his sentence to time served and release him from prison. For the reasons stated below, the Petition is denied and this action is dismissed.
I. BACKGROUND
Petitioner indicates he was incarcerated in FCI Seagaville Low in Texas. After eighteen months of clear conduct he asked for a transfer to FCI Englewood Low in Colorado, which is closer to his home. While his transfer request was pending, he involuntarily became involved in an investigation into staff misconduct. He contends he was approached by investigators from the Office of the Inspector General and questioned about the actions of FCI Seagaville employee Veronica Dunn. Petitioner alleges he provided information to the investigators because he believed they were Federal Bureau of Investigation ("FBI") agents, and he would face criminal prosecution if he did not cooperate. The information he gave to the investigators provided the basis for disciplinary charges to be brought against the Petitioner. He was taken to segregation, and subsequently transferred from FCI Seagaville to FCI Fort Dix, in New Jersey. Due to the nature of the disciplinary charges, Petitioner's personal safety was in jeopardy at Fort Dix and he requested protective custody placement. He then was transferred to FCI-Elkton Low. Petitioner claims his transfer to Fort Dix was done in retaliation for the information he provided during the investigation.
II. LAW AND ANALYSIS
Standard of Review
Writs of habeas corpus "may be granted by the Supreme Court, any justice thereof, the district courts and any circuit judge within their respective jurisdictions." 28 U.S.C. § 2241(a). Section 2241 "is an affirmative grant of power to federal courts to issue writs of habeas corpus to prisoners being held 'in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.'" Rice v. White, 660 F.3d 242, 249 (6th Cir. 2011) (quoting Section 2241(c)). Because Petitioner is appearing pro se, the allegations in his Petition must be construed in his favor, and his pleadings are held to a less stringent standard than those prepared by counsel. Urbina v. Thoms, 270 F.3d 292, 295 (6th Cir. 2001). However, this Court may dismiss the Petition at any time, or make any such disposition as law and justice require, if it determines the Petition fails to establish adequate grounds for relief. Hilton v. Braunskill, 481 U.S. 770, 775 (1987); see also Allen v. Perini, 424 F.2d 134, 141 (6th Cir. 1970) (holding district courts have a duty to "screen out" petitions lacking merit on their face under Section 2243). Discussion
In general, habeas corpus is available to prisoners seeking relief from unlawful imprisonment or custody. Martin v. Overton, 391 F.3d 710, 714 (6th Cir. 2004). Federal prisoners may use 28 U.S.C. § 2241 to attack the manner in which their sentence is being executed, such as the computation of sentence credits or parole eligibility. Capaldi v. Pontesso, 135 F.3d 1122, 1123 (6th Cir. 1998)(citing United States v. Jalili, 925 F.2d 889, 893 (6th Cir. 1991)); Wright v. United States Bd. of Parole, 557 F.2d 74, 77 (6th Cir. 1977). However, § 2241 is not available to review questions unrelated to the cause of detention. Martin, 391 F.3d at 714. Prisoners challenging the conditions of their confinement must do so through a civil rights action. Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 487-88 (1973). Virtually every aspect of a prisoner's daily life that does not affect the duration of his confinement is considered a "condition of confinement." Therefore, any claim that does not directly affect the fact or duration of the prisoner's confinement must be raised in a civil rights action, and cannot be brought in a Habeas Petition.
Here, Petitioner is not challenging the Bureau of Prisons' execution or calculation of his federal sentence. Instead, he is challenging the decision by personnel at a Texas federal prison to transfer him to a New Jersey federal prison. He asserts a claim of retaliation in violation of the First Amendment. Because this claim does not directly concern the duration of his federal sentence or his release from incarceration with the Bureau of Prisons, it is not the proper subject of a Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241.
III. CONCLUSION
Accordingly, the Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241 is denied, and this action is dismissed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2243. Further, under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3), this Court certifies an appeal could not be taken in good faith.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/ Christopher A. Boyko
CHRISTOPHER A. BOYKO
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE DATED: February 8, 2017