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In Beckham, the defendant moved for discharge under the speedy trial rule in Circuit Court after entry of a Federal Court judgment on a petition for habeas corpus ordering the reinstatement of his guilty plea, or a new trial within a reasonable period of time.
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No. 80-1312.
April 28, 1981.
Appeal from the Circuit Court, Dade County, Frederick N. Barad, J.
Bennett H. Brummer, Public Defender and Bruce A. Rosenthal, Asst. Public Defender, for appellant.
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen. and Joel D. Rosenblatt, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
Before HENDRY, SCHWARTZ and FERGUSON, JJ.
Appellant Beckham seeks review of a circuit court order denying his motion for discharge under the speedy trial rule. We affirm.
In 1971, appellant entered a negotiated guilty plea to a five year sentence for robbery and sodomy. Without appellant's knowledge or consent, his court appointed counsel moved to withdraw the plea, and in effect stipulated to appellant's guilt by allowing trial only on the issue of sanity. The jury found appellant to be sane and the court sentenced him to fifty years. After exhausting his state remedies, Simmons v. Wainwright, 585 F.2d 95 (5th Cir. 1978), appellant filed a petition of habeas corpus in federal court.
See Beckham v. State, 264 So.2d 30 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972); Beckham v. State, 339 So.2d 221 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976); Beckham v. State, 353 So.2d 941 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978).
On September 27, 1979, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida found that appellant had been denied effective assistance of counsel, the right to a full jury trial, and the right to confront and cross examine witnesses against him. As modified on January 24, 1980, the southern district ordered:
Accordingly, it is the Order of this Court that Petitioner be allowed to reinstate his original guilty plea and thereupon be resentenced by the Court or alternatively that he be granted a new trial within a reasonable period of time hereafter, failure of which the Writ of Habeas Corpus will be granted and the Petitioner released from custody.
On June 10, 1980, appellant filed a motion for discharge under the speedy trial rule. At a hearing on June 19, 1980, the circuit court denied the motion, and pursuant to agreement with the state appellant pled nolo contendere specifically reserving the right to appeal the denial of his motion. The court then adjudicated appellant guilty of robbery, and sentenced him to five years imprisonment with credit for time served of nine years. Notice of appeal was timely filed.
At that time the court also determined that the federal court's order had given appellant the option of electing between the alternative remedies.
In 1974 the Florida Legislature repealed the criminal sodomy statute, Sec. 800.01, Fla. Stat. (1973). See Ch. 74-121, Laws of Florida.
We first address the contention that the federal court lacked the power to enter the January 24th order. The remedies to be granted in habeas corpus proceedings rest largely within the discretion of the court. Ex parte Royall, 117 U.S. 241, 6 S.Ct. 734, 29 L.Ed. 868 (1886); Wainwright v. Temple, 360 F.2d 598 (5th Cir. 1966). It is well settled that a court is not restricted to simply discharging the petitioner or remanding him to custody; the prerogative to withhold release pending compliance with certain requisites (i.e. conditional orders) is not uncommon. See e.g., Peyton v. Rowe, 391 U.S. 54, 88 S.Ct. 1549, 20 L.Ed.2d 426 (1968); Miller v. North Carolina, 583 F.2d 701 (4th Cir. 1978); Berriel v. Wainwright, 290 F. Supp. 669 (S.D.Fla. 1968).
We also find unpersuasive the theory that the federal court's order allowed appellant, not the state, the option of reinstating the original guilty plea or receiving a new trial. The federal court's order (as are essentially all habeas corpus orders) was directed to the party (here the state) who has custody of the petitioner. Braden v. Judicial Circuit Court of Kentucky, 410 U.S. 484, 93 S.Ct. 1123, 35 L.Ed.2d 443 (1973); Porter v. Porter, 60 Fla. 407, 53 So. 546 (1910). See Section 79.01, Florida Statutes (1979). An analogous construction of similar orders is implicit in virtually all cases we have examined, see, e.g., Pressley v. Wainwright, 367 So.2d 222 (Fla. 1979); Hall v. Wainwright, 441 F.2d 391 (5th Cir. 1971); Berriel v. Wainwright, supra, whereas the interpretation urged upon us by appellant appears to be unprecedented.
Appellant's main argument alleges that the trial court erred in denying his motion for discharge where the state failed to retry him within sixty days of demand, or within ninety days of the trial court's receipt of the federal court's order, as provided by Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 3.191, sections (a)(2) and (g), respectively.
A speedy trial demand was filed with the state attorney's office on February 22, 1980.
The federal court's order was received on February 26, 1980.
While at first blush Rule 3.191(g) would appear to govern the instant situation, that section is in fact only applicable where either a trial court or an appellate court orders a new trial. The present situation is not encompassed within that phraseology:
[Habeas corpus] is . . . an original civil proceeding, independent of the normal channels of review of criminal judgments . . .Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 311, 83 S.Ct. 745, 756, 9 L.Ed.2d 770, 785 (1963). Crownover v. Shannon, 170 So.2d 299 (Fla. 1964). The function of habeas corpus is not that of appellate review of state court convictions, procedures, or decisions, Watkins v. Morris, 179 So.2d 348 (Fla. 1965); Sing v. Wainwright, 148 So.2d 19 (Fla. 1962). We find, therefore, that the present case does not fall within the parameters of Rule 3.191(g).
Nor can we say this situation falls within any of the other proscribed time periods of Rule 3.191 which applies to original criminal proceedings. A habeas corpus proceeding removes a case from the operation of the speedy trial rule.
Although the speedy trial rule is inapplicable and no specific time for action is stated, appellant is protected by the reasonable time period prescribed by the federal court which coincides with the constitutional "reasonableness" test applicable in the absence of a speedy trial rule. See Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 92 S.Ct. 2182, 33 L.Ed.2d 101 (1972). Since less than 120 days had elapsed from the circuit court's receipt of the federal court order and appellant's motion for discharge, we find no unreasonable delay, and thus no deprivation of appellant's constitutional rights. Barker v. Wingo, supra.
In summary, we hold that where a habeas corpus proceeding grants a retrial, the time for such retrial is not governed by the speedy trial rule; instead, the time stated in the court's order controls, and in the absence of a stated time, the constitutional reasonableness standard applies.
There being no showing of a violation of the constitutional right to a speedy trial, the order denying the motion for discharge is affirmed.
Affirmed.
I concur specially in the court's judgment for the purpose of explaining the reasons for my conclusion that Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.191(g) does not require reversal. That section provides:
(g) Effect of Mistrial; Appeal; Order of New Trial. A person who is to be tried again or whose trial has been delayed by an appeal by the State or the defendant shall be brought to trial within 90 days from the date of declaration of a mistrial by the trial court, the date of an order by the trial court granting a new trial, the date of an order by the trial court granting a motion in arrest of judgment, or the date of receipt by the trial court of a mandate, order, or notice of whatever form from an appellate or other reviewing court which makes possible a new trial for the defendant, whichever is last in time. [e.s.]
Beckham argues that the 90 day period began to run on February 26, 1980, when the trial court received the order of the federal district court. In my judgment, this contention is incorrect. While the federal court may well have been a "reviewing court," its order conditionally granting habeas corpus was not the one "which ma[de] possible a new trial for the defendant." Although the district court could, as it did, order that Beckham be released if he were not granted a new trial, see Pressley v. Wainwright, 367 So.2d 222 (Fla. 1979) (England, C.J., dissenting), it had no authority or power to order that the new trial actually be conducted or, indeed, directly to require any action whatever by the lower court. See Pierre v. United States, 525 F.2d 933 (5th Cir. 1976); Wallace v. Havener, 552 F.2d 721 (6th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 940, 98 S.Ct. 433, 54 L.Ed.2d 300 (S.Ct. 1977); Dixon v. Beto, 472 F.2d 598 (5th Cir. 1973); Anderson v. Beto, 469 F.2d 1076 (5th Cir. 1972). It is therefore clear that the Florida case was not itself reopened, a new trial was not "ma[de] possible," and the terms of our speedy trial rule did not become activated until May 28, 1980, when the circuit court set aside the prior judgment and sentence. See also, State v. Andrews, 376 So.2d 9 (Fla. 1979), which holds "that rule 3.191 requires that a defendant be taken into state custody in order to start the speedy trial times expressed in the rule." Since the motion for discharge was filed less than 90 days thereafter on June 10, 1980, it was properly denied under Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.191(g).
Since, for the same reasons, the 60 day period provided under rule 3.191(a)(2) could not have commenced until May 28, the written speedy trial demand filed on February 22, 1980 was ineffectively premature.