Opinion
07-28-2016
Glorimar ATILES et al., Appellants, v. GOLUB CORPORATION et al., Respondents.
E. Stewart Jones Hacker Murphy, Latham (James E. Hacker of counsel), for appellants. Carter, Conboy, Blackmore, Maloney & Laird, PC, Albany (Jonathan E. Hansen of counsel), for respondents.
E. Stewart Jones Hacker Murphy, Latham (James E. Hacker of counsel), for appellants.
Carter, Conboy, Blackmore, Maloney & Laird, PC, Albany (Jonathan E. Hansen of counsel), for respondents.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., ROSE, DEVINE and AARONS, JJ.
Opinion
McCARTHY, J.P. Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Ferreira, J.), entered July 9, 2015 in Albany County, which, among other things, partially denied plaintiffs' motion to compel certain discovery.
Plaintiff Glorimar Atiles fell in one of defendants' stores. Atiles and her spouse, derivatively, thereafter commenced this negligence action against defendants seeking damages based on Atiles' injuries. Following joinder of issue and plaintiffs' discovery demands, defendants provided certain video surveillance that included footage prior to, during and after Atiles' accident, but which did not contain footage covering the full 24–hour period after the accident, as plaintiffs had requested. Thereafter, plaintiffs moved, pursuant to CPLR 3124, to compel defendants to produce, among other evidence, video surveillance of the two hours following Atiles' fall or, in the alternative, for Supreme Court to issue an adverse inference charge. Defendants cross-moved for a protective order and to compel other discovery. The court, among other things, denied plaintiffs' motion to the extent that it sought to compel production of the additional video surveillance or, in the alternative, for an adverse inference charge and denied defendants' cross motion. Plaintiffs appeal.
Plaintiffs' sole contention properly before this Court is that Supreme Court erred in denying an adverse inference charge based on defendants' failure to produce a video of the full two-hour period after the accident. “[T]rial courts possess broad discretion to provide proportionate relief to a party deprived of lost or destroyed evidence” (Pegasus Aviation I, Inc. v. Varig Logistica S.A., 26 N.Y.3d 543, 551, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601 [2015] ; see Weiss v. Bellevue Maternity Hosp., 121 A.D.3d 1480, 1481, 995 N.Y.S.2d 640 [2014] ; Merrill v. Elmira Hgts. Cent. School Dist., 77 A.D.3d 1165, 1166, 909 N.Y.S.2d 208 [2010] ). “A party that seeks sanctions for spoliation of evidence must show that the party having control over the evidence possessed an obligation to preserve it at the time of its destruction, that the evidence was destroyed with a ‘culpable state of mind,’ and ‘that the destroyed evidence was relevant to the party's claim or defense such that the trier of fact could find that the evidence would support that claim or defense’ ” (Pegasus Aviation I, Inc. v. Varig Logistica S.A., 26 N.Y.3d at 547, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601, quoting VOOM HD Holdings LLC v. EchoStar Satellite L.L.C., 93 A.D.3d 33, 45, 939 N.Y.S.2d 321 [2012] [adopting the then-federal standard of review for a motion for spoliation as set forth in Zubulake v. UBS Warburg LLC, 220 F.R.D. 212, 220 (S.D.N.Y.2003) [internal quotation marks and citation omitted] ). When the party seeking sanctions establishes that the evidence was “intentionally or wil [l]fully destroyed, the relevancy of the destroyed documents is presumed” (Pegasus Aviation I, Inc. v. Varig Logistica S.A., 26 N.Y.3d at 547, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601 ).
To the extent that plaintiffs' briefs can be construed as arguing that they are entitled to sanctions based on defendants' failure to preserve the preincident video from other cameras, we note that plaintiffs did not raise that issue in their motion before Supreme Court. Notably, plaintiffs limited their motion to the issue of the “two ... hours of surveillance video taken after [Atiles'] accident.” Thus, defendants would have perceived no reason to create a factual record in regard to other video cameras, or the lack thereof, in the store. Given that defendants were provided with no opportunity to counter the claim that they spoliated evidence based on the destruction of the preincident video from other cameras, we cannot properly consider that argument for the first time on appeal (see Albany Eng'g Corp. v. Hudson River/Black Riv. Regulating Dist., 110 A.D.3d 1220, 1223, 973 N.Y.S.2d 391 [2013] ).
Plaintiffs failed to establish a prima facie case for entitlement to sanctions. Although it is uncontested that defendants are not in possession of any video of the scene of the accident for the full two-hour period after the accident, plaintiffs failed to put forth any evidence establishing why the video was not preserved. More specifically, the record contains no evidence related to the maintenance, or lack thereof, of any video related to the security cameras and explanation for how the disputed video came to be lost or destroyed. Therefore, plaintiffs failed to prove that defendants intentionally or willfully destroyed the video while under obligation to preserve it (see id. at 554, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601 ). Accordingly, and regardless of whether plaintiffs proved some lesser culpable mental state, they retained the burden of proving the relevancy of the portion of the video that they did not receive (see id. at 547–548, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601 ).
Plaintiffs' sole argument as to the relevancy of the disputed footage is that “the video is relevant as there is no depiction or disclosure of who cleaned up the spill, therefore there was no opportunity to depose, question or otherwise obtain the observations of the people in the best position to testify to [the] size, consistency or appearance of the substance on the floor.” Plaintiffs' contention, however, is contradicted by the video evidence that defendants provided, which depicts the scene of the fall from approximately 24 hours before the accident until approximately eight minutes after Atiles' fall. The video depicts that, after Atiles fell, two employees stooped down and proceeded to wipe the floor in the area of the accident. Thereafter, the employees who were gathered at the scene of the accident removed Atiles' cart and then dispersed, leaving the area open to customer traffic. The deposition testimony of the co-manager of the store on the day in question, who responded to the accident, confirmed what is apparent from the video itself—that the “spill was already cleaned up” at the point at which the disclosed video concludes. Accordingly, no reasonable view of the evidence supports plaintiffs' contention that the video that defendants provided did not depict who cleaned up the substance on the floor or that plaintiffs were deprived of a full opportunity to depose witnesses who observed the substance upon which Atiles allegedly fell.
Further, given the cleaning efforts depicted, even if a later video depicted additional employees who arrived at or passed by the scene of the accident, those employees would not have personal knowledge about the condition of the floor at the time of Atiles' fall (compare VOOM HD Holdings LLC v. EchoStar Satellite L.L.C., 93 A.D.3d at 47, 939 N.Y.S.2d 321 [finding that destroyed records were relevant when they were from a “vital time period” in relationship to a breach of contract dispute]; Zhi Chen v. District of Columbia, 839 F.Supp.2d 7, 13 [D.C.2011] [destroyed security footage relevant where it would have depicted the events during the time period in which the plaintiff claimed to have been illegally searched and detained] ). As the video that defendants provided unambiguously contradicts plaintiffs' contention that later video footage would be relevant to their trial preparation, we find that this evidence was not “relevant to [plaintiffs'] claim ... such that the trier of fact could find that the evidence would support that claim” (Pegasus Aviation I, Inc. v. Varig Logistica S.A., 26 N.Y.3d at 551, 26 N.Y.S.3d 218, 46 N.E.3d 601 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; cf. Stanojev v. Ebasco Servs., Inc., 643 F.2d 914, 923–924 [2d Cir.1981] [destroyed personal records not relevant where the records pertained to a time period unrelated to the plaintiff's claim]; Lacey v. Target Corp., 2015 WL 2254968, *9, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 62643, *23–25 [ E.D.N.Y., May 13, 2015, No. 13–CV–4098 (RML) ]; Simoes v. Target Corp., 2013 WL 2948083, *6, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 83896, *19–21 [E.D.N.Y., June 14, 2013, No. 11–CV–2032 (DRH/WOW)]; Centrifugal Force, Inc. v. Softnet Communication, Inc., 783 F.Supp.2d 736, 744 [S.D.N.Y.2011] ; Schwarz v. FedEx Kinko's Off., 2009 WL 3459217, *10, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 100200, *24–30 [S.D.N.Y., Oct. 27, 2009, No. 08–CV–6486 (THK) ] ).
Plaintiffs make no argument that lost or destroyed video footage, recording a period after all facts related to the alleged tort had or had not occurred, would be admissible evidence at trial.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
ROSE, DEVINE and AARONS, JJ., concur.