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finding that "[t]he defendant [was] a motor carrier because it [was] in the business of using trucks to carry property on public highways and the defendant is engaged in interstate commerce."
Summary of this case from Nolasco v. AKS Cartage Corp.Opinion
Case No. 11-21222-CIV-O'SULLIVAN
03-15-2012
YOEL ARRANDA, Plaintiffs, v. SOUTHWEST TRANSPORT, INC., and ROBERT J. MURIEDAS, Defendants.
[CONSENT]
ORDER
THIS CAUSE is before the Court on the Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (DE # 31, 1/22/12) and the Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 36, 1/30/12). Having carefully considered the parties' motions, the court file and applicable law, the undersigned enters the following Order.
BACKGROUND
The plaintiff filed a two count complaint against the defendants in this matter on April 7, 2011. (DE # 1, 4/7/12). The case was brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act 29 U.S.C. §§ 201-216 (FLSA). Count I was for a federal overtime wage violation and Count II was for a federal minimum wage violation. See Complaint (DE# 1, 4/7/11).
On January 22, 2012, the defendants filed the Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (DE# 31, 1/22/12) and the Defendants' Notice of Filing Deposition Transcript of Robert Muriedas (DE # 32, 1/22/12). On January 23, 2012, the defendants filed the Defendants' Notice of Filing Affidavit of Robert Muriedas (DE # 33, 1/23/12). On January 30, 2012, the plaintiff filed the Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 36, 1/30/12) and the Plaintiff's Statement of Undisputed Material Facts (DE # 37, 1/30/12). On February 7, 2012, the plaintiff filed the Plaintiff's Response in Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 38, 2/7/12). On February 13, 2012, the defendants filed the Defendants' Response to Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 39, 2/13/12) and the Defendants' Response to Plaintiff's Statement of Undisputed Material Facts (DE # 40, 2/13/12). On February 16, 2012, the plaintiff filed the Plaintiff's Reply to Defendants Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 41, 2/16/12). This matter is now ripe for consideration.
FACTS
The facts of the case are set forth with a view toward the evidence and the factual inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Key West Harbour Dev. Corp. v. Key West, 987 F.2d 723, 726 (11th Cir. 1993). This standard is not changed by cross-motions for summary judgment, as the Court treats each motion separately. See Adega v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Ins. Co., No. 07-20696, 2009 WL 3387689, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Oct.16, 2009) ("When evaluating cross-motions for summary judgment, the Court analyzes each individual motion on its own merits and thus views the facts on each motion in the light most favorable to the respective nonmovant.").
The defendant Southwest Transport, Inc. (hereinafter "SWT") is a private towing company located in Miami, Florida. See Deposition of Robert J. Murieda (DE# 37-1 at 6, 1/30/12). SWT provides towing and wrecker services for vehicles. The defendant Robert J. Murieda is the owner of SWT. Mr. Murieda operates the day-to-day operations of SWT. Mr. Murieda was responsible for scheduling the employees of SWT and for paying their salaries. See Complaint (DE#1 at 1, 4/7/11).
The plaintiff provided towing services on behalf of SWT as a driver beginning in July 2010 until March 29, 2011. The plaintiff's job was to drive a tow truck to pick up vehicles needing towing. See Deposition of Robert J. Murieda (DE# 37-1 at 5, 1/30/12). The plaintiff's responsibilities included daily inspection of the oil level and tires. Id, at 47. When the plaintiff picked up vehicles, he was responsible for properly securing the cargo to the tow truck. See Defendant's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (DE# 31 at 3, 1/22/12). The plaintiff was required to be available from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM on Monday through Friday, as well as one or two additional night shifts between 9:00 PM and 11:00 PM. See Deposition of Robert J. Murieda (DE# 37-1 at 9, 1/30/12). The plaintiff's pay rate was based on an hourly salary plus a twenty-five percent commission of the revenue the plaintiff generated for SWT. Id. at 20.
SWT's business includes towing services along with services to move heavy equipment such as industrial generators and mobile homes. See Defendant's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (DE# 31 at 3, 1/22/12). SWT provides theses services to the police, government, and private entities. Id.
SWT holds itself out as an interstate carrier that transports vehicles and other heavy equipment across state lines. Id. SWT maintains a license issued by the Department of Transportation (hereinafter "DOT") and a motor carrier number issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (hereinafter "FMCSA"). Id. The FMCSA classifies SWT's operations as "interstate." Id. About 90 percent of SWT's services are performed in Miami-Dade and Broward County. See Deposition of Robert J. Murieda (DE# 37-1 at 35, 1/30/12). During the plaintiff's employment, SWT conducted approximately five (5) out-of-state trips in which drivers left the state of Florida. Id. at 36.
The plaintiff did not conduct one of the five (5) out-of-state trips performed by SWT during the duration of his employment. Id. at 34. On March 29, 2011, the plaintiff was terminated from SWT. Id. at 50
STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court, in reviewing a motion for summary judgment, is guided by the standard set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a), which states, in relevant part, as follows:
The Court shall grant summary judgment if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.The moving party bears the burden of meeting this exacting standard. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). That is, "[t]he moving party bears 'the initial responsibility of informing the . . . court of the basis for its motion, and identifying those portions of the 'pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.'" U.S. v. Four Parcels of Real Prop., 941 F.2d 1428, 1437 (11th Cir. 1991) (quoting Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323). In assessing whether the moving party has satisfied this burden, the Court is required to view the evidence and all factual inferences arising therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Batey v. Stone, 24 F.3d 1330, 1333 (11th Cir. 1994). Cross motions for summary judgment do not change this standard. "When evaluating cross-motions for summary judgment, the Court analyzes each individual motion on its own merits and thus views the facts on each motion in the light most favorable to the respective nonmovant." Adega v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Ins. Co., No. 07-20696, 2009 WL 3387689, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Oct.16, 2009). Summary judgment is appropriate when there is no dispute as to any material fact and only questions of law remain. Id. If the record presents factual issues, the Court must deny the motion and proceed to trial. Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157 (1970).
Despite these presumptions in favor of the non-moving party, the Court must be mindful of the purpose of Rule 56 which is to eliminate the needless delay and expense to the parties and to the Court occasioned by an unnecessary trial. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322-23. Consequently, the non-moving party cannot merely rest upon his bare assertions, conclusory allegations, surmises or conjectures. Id. As the Supreme Court noted in Celotex:
[T]he plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment . . . against the party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to the party's case, and on which the party will bear the burden of proof at trial. In such a situation, there can be "no genuine issue as to any material fact," since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the non-moving party's case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.Id. at 322-23. Thus, the mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the non-moving party's position is insufficient. There must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably find for the non-movant. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 251 (1986).
ANALYSIS
I. Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
The defendants claim they are entitled to partial summary judgment because Southwest Transport is exempt from the overtime requirements of the FLSA under the Motor Carrier Act, 29 U.S.C. §213(b) (MCA). The defendants moved for summary judgment on the following affirmative defense:
The plaintiff points out in its response to the defendant's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment that "even if the Court were to somehow agree with Defendants as it relates to the overtime claim, the MCA exemption cannot apply as a matter of law to Plaintiff's minimum wage claim."
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Motor Carrier Act: Under the Motor Carrier Act, 29 U.S.C. § 213(b) (the "MCA"), SWT is exempt from the overtime requirements of the FLSA in that: SWT is a "motor carrier" engaged in interstate commerce; the plaintiff's duties directly affected the safety and operation of the defendant's motor vehicles; the truck assigned to the Plaintiff had a gross weight in excess of 10,000 lbs.Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, (DE # 31, 1/22/12, at pp. 1-2). Exemptions to the FLSA are narrowly construed against the employer. Alvarez Perez v. Sanford-Orlando Kennel Club, Inc., 515 F.3d 1150, 1156 (11th Cir. 2008). The MCA exemption is found in 29 U.S.C. § 213(b)(1) of the FLSA and provides that the FLSA's overtime provision, section 207, does not apply "to any employee with respect to whom the Secretary of Transportation has power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions of Section 31502 of Title 49." Alvarado v. I.G.W.T. Delivery Sys., Inc., 410 F.Supp. 2d 1272 (S.D. Fla. 2006). The Eleventh Circuit explained that:
The Secretary has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service for employees who (1) are employed by carriers whose transportation of passengers or property by motor vehicle is subject to the Secretary's jurisdiction under the Motor Carrier Act; and (2) engage in activities of a character directly affecting the safety of operation of motor vehicles in the transportation on the public highways of passengers or property in interstate orBaez v. Wells Fargo Armored Service Corp., 938 F.2d 180, 181-82 (11th Cir. 1991) (citing 29 C.F.R. § 782.2(a)); see Opelika Royal Crown Bottling Co. v. Goldberg, 299 F.2d 37, 43 (5th Cir. 1962) (holding that driver helpers who load and unload cargo affect the safety of the vehicle and are exempt from the overtime provisions of the FLSA).
foreign commerce within the meaning of the Motor Carrier Act.
29 U.S.C. § 213(b)(1) provides an exemption from the maximum hours and overtime requirements of FLSA § 207. Under 29 C.F.R. § 782.2(a), an employee may be exempt from overtime provisions based on the class to which the employer belongs, and the class of work involved in the employee's job. In order for the defendant to fall under the exemption, the three requirements listed below must be met:
(1) Interstate commerce must be present;See 29 C.F.R. § 782.2(a).
(2) The defendant/employer must be a carrier that is covered by the Motor Carrier Act; and
(3) The activities of the subject employee must affect the safety of operation of motor vehicles.
A. Was the Defendant's Interstate Commerce Activity De Minimus
As outlined above, the first requirement in order for the defendant to fall within the exemption under 29 U.S.C. § 213, is that the defendant must conduct business within interstate commerce. The FLSA defines "commerce" to mean "trade, commerce, transportation, transmission, or communication among the several States or between any State and any place outside thereof." 29 U.S.C. § 203(b). The defendant SWT is a private towing company located in Miami, Florida. SWT provides towing and wrecker services for vehicles. SWT's business includes towing services along with services to move heavy equipment such as industrial generators and mobile homes. SWT provides theses services to the police, government, and private entities.
SWT holds itself out as an interstate carrier that transports vehicles and other heavy equipment across state lines. SWT maintains a license issued by the Department of Transportation (hereinafter "DOT") and a motor carrier number issued by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (hereinafter "FMCSA"). The FMCSA classifies SWT's operations as "interstate." About 90 percent of SWT's services are performed in Miami-Dade and Broward County. During the plaintiff's employment, SWT conducted approximately five (5) out-of-state trips in which drivers left the state of Florida.
Even though the FMCSA classifies SWT's operations as "interstate", the plaintiff argues that the amount of times trips were made by the defendant out of the State of Florida were minimal and classify as de minimus. In Walters v. American Coach Lines of Miami, Inc., 575 F.3d 1221 (11th Cir. 2009), the Eleventh Circuit noted that "[t]he de minimus requirement may be inapplicable to situations such as this, where the company has the appropriate federal licensing and there is undisputed proof of some transportation that crosses state lines. We can find no cases indicating that this evidence, by itself, would not be enough to meet the prong." Walters at 1228. Here, because SWT maintains a license issued by the DOT and a motor carrier number issued by the FMCSA, because the FMCSA classifies SWT's operations as "interstate", and there is undisputed proof of some transportation that crosses state lines, the undersigned finds the de minimus requirement is inapplicable in this case.
B. The Defendant Is a Motor Carrier
According to 29 U.S.C. § 213(b), the defendant must be subject to the Motor Carrier Act in order to fall under the relevant exemption. Under 49 U.S.C. § 13501 and 29 C.F.R. § 782.1, the Motor Carrier Act provides the Secretary of Transportation with jurisdiction over "transportation by motor carrier and the procurement of that transportation, to the extent that passengers, property, or both are transported by motor carrier between a place in a State and a place in another State; a State and another place in the same State through another State; ... the United States and a place in a foreign country to the extent the transportation is in the United States...." 49 U.S.C. § 13501(1). A "motor carrier" is defined as "a person providing motor vehicle transportation for compensation." 49 U.S.C. § 13102 (14). The motor carrier exemption depends on the existence of the Secretary of Transportation's authority to regulate the maximum hours and qualifications of the employees, not the actual exercise of that authority. Baez v. Wells Fargo Armored Service Corp., 938 F.2d 180, 181 n.2. (11th Cir. 1991) (citing Galbreath v. Gulf Oil Corp., 413 F.2d 941, 944 n.4 (5th Cir. 1969); Opelika Royal Crown Bottling Co. v. Goldberg, 299 F.2d 37, 42 (5th Cir. 1962)); see Morrison v. Quality Transports Services, Inc., 474 F. Supp. 2d 1303, 1309 (S.D. Fla. 2007).
The defendant is a motor carrier because it is in the business of using trucks to carry property on public highways and the defendant is engaged in interstate commerce. See Bilyou v. Duchess Beer Distributors, Inc., 300 F.3d 217 (2nd Cir. 2002). As the undersigned will discuss below, however, the question arises whether the motor carrier exemption applies to the plaintiff in this case.
C. The Activities of the Plaintiff Affected the Safety of the Operation of Motor Vehicles
Under 29 U.S.C. § 213(b), in order for an exemption to apply, the employee's activities must directly affect the safety of the operation of motor vehicles. 49 U.S.C. § 31502(b) authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to "prescribe requirements for -- (1) qualifications and maximum hours of service of employees of and safety of operation and equipment of, a motor carrier; (2) qualifications and maximum hours of service of employees of, and standards of equipment of, a motor private carrier, when needed to promote safety of operation." The subject exemption applies to drivers, mechanics, loaders and helpers. See Pyramid Motor Freight Corporation v. Ispass, 330 U.S. 695, 708 (1947); see Baez v. Wells Fargo Armored Service Corp., 938 F.2d 180, 182 (11th Cir. 1991)(affirming summary judgment in favor of employer and holding that guards riding on trucks were engaged in activities directly affecting the safety of the operation of motor vehicles in interstate commerce). The name that is given to an employee's position or the work that the employee performs is not controlling in the determination of whether the exemption is applicable. Pyramid Motor at 707; Levinson v. Specter Motor Service, 330 U.S. 649, 671 (1947). ("The fundamental test is simply that the employee's activities affect safety of operation.") The Court shall consider whether the activities of the employee affect the safety of operation. Pyramid Motor at 707-708. As stated in 29 C.F.R. § 782.2(b)(3):
As a general rule, if the bona fide duties of the job performed by the employee are in fact such that he is (or, in the case of a member of a group of drivers, driver's helpers,
loaders, or mechanics employed by a common carrier and engaged in safety-affecting occupations, that he is likely to be) called upon in the ordinary course of his work to perform, either regularly or from time to time, safety-affecting activities of the character described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, he comes within the exemption in all workweeks when his employed at such job.
The plaintiff's responsibilities included daily inspection of the oil level and tires which affects the safety of the vehicles. There is no dispute that the plaintiff was involved in the safety of the vehicles.
The undersigned finds that the plaintiff was engaged in safety-affecting activities in his position for the defendant. See Wirtz v. Robinson & Stephens, Inc., 1972 WL 852 *5 (N.D. Ga. 1972) (applying the Motor Carrier Act exemption and finding mechanics, wrecker and truck drivers, drivers helpers, loaders, yardmen and dispatchers of the defendant exempt from the overtime requirements of the FLSA). In turn, the question then arises whether the plaintiff was involved in the safety of vehicles entering interstate commerce. As discussed below, the undersigned finds that the plaintiff was not involved in the safety of vehicles entering interstate commerce. The defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED.
II. Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment
The plaintiff moved for summary judgment on three issues: 1. the defendant Muriedas was the plaintiff's employer along with SWT and the two defendants are jointly and severally liable for the wages owed to the plaintiff; 2. SWT is covered by the FLSA; and 3. the Motor Carrier Exemption does not apply.
In the response to the Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment the defendants do not dispute the first two issues on which the plaintiff moved for summary judgment: 1. the defendant Muriedas was the plaintiff's employer along with SWT and the two defendants are jointly and severally liable for the wages owed to the plaintiff; and 2. SWT is covered by the FLSA. Therefore the undersigned finds that the defendant Muriedas was the plaintiff's employer along with SWT and the two defendants are jointly and severally liable for the wages owed to the plaintiff and that SWT is covered by the FLSA as a matter of law.
The plaintiff argues that because the plaintiff himself never left the state of Florida, never agreed to leave the state of Florida, and was never asked to leave the state of Florida, the MCA exemption is inapplicable. The defendant owner, Robert Muriedas, indicated that the plaintiff could have been asked to leave the state of Florida, but was never asked to leave the state.
Whether the motor carrier exemption applies depends on two things: 1. the class to which an employer belongs; and 2. the class of work with which an employee is involved. Walters v. American Coach Lines of Miami, Inc., 575 F.3d 1221, 1227 (11th Cir. 2009). In order for an employee to be subject to the motor carrier exemption, there are two requirements. Id. The first prong to be met is that the business of the employer must be subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation under the MCA. Id. The second prong that must be met is that the business activities of the employee must affect directly "the safety of operation of motor vehicles in the transportation on the public highways of passengers or property in interstate commerce or foreign commerce within the meaning of the Motor Carrier Act." Id, quoting Baez v. Wells Fargo Armored Service Corp., 938 F.2d 180, 182 (11th Cir. 1991). Moreover, "[t]he exemption of an employee from the hours provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act under section 13(b)(1) depends both on the class to which his employer belongs and on the class of work involved in the employee's job." 29 U.S.C. § 782.2(a) (2002).
There is no dispute that the plaintiff was involved in activities directly affecting the safety of the operation of motor vehicles. The question then arises of whether the plaintiff was involved in activities directly affecting the safety of the operation of motor vehicles in interstate commerce. "Where the employee's continuing job duties have no substantial direct effect on the safety of operation of motor vehicles in interstate commerce, or where such activities are so trivial, casual, and insignificant as to be de minimus, the exemption does not apply." Major v. Chons Bros., Inc., 53 P.3d 781, 784 (Colo. Ct. App. 2002) (citing to 29 C.F.R. § 782.2(b)(3); and Opelika Royal Crown Bottling Co. V. Goldberg, 299 F.2d 37, 43 (5th Cir. 1962).
The plaintiff never left the state of Florida for purposes of his employment with the defendant. The plaintiff never agreed to leave the state of Florida for work, nor was he ever asked to do so. While the defendant owner, Robert Muriedas indicated that the defendant could have been asked to leave the state of Florida, the plaintiff never left the state. Accordingly, the undersigned finds that the second above-mentioned prong has not been met, and summary judgment should be granted to the extent that the motor carrier act does not apply to the plaintiff in this matter because the plaintiff's class of work did not involve interstate commerce.
RULING
Based on the foregoing, it is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the Defendants' Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (DE # 31, 1/22/12) is DENIED and the Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment (DE # 36, 1/30/12) is GRANTED. The MCA exemption will not apply to the work performed by the plaintiff in this matter because the plaintiff was not involved in interstate commerce.
DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers, Miami, Florida, this 15th day of March, 2012.
______________________
JOHN J. O'SULLIVAN
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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