Opinion
December 14, 1960.
March 22, 1961.
Motor Vehicles — Licenses — Suspension — Power of common pleas to modify order of Secretary of Revenue — Suspension of one year for racing on highway — Suspension deemed too severe by court below — The Vehicle Code.
1. On appeals from the Secretary of Revenue, the courts of common pleas may sustain or reverse an order suspending a motor vehicle operator's license, but ordinarily they have no authority to modify such order.
2. A suspension of a motor vehicle operator's license for one year for racing on a highway is generally reasonable, proper, and legal.
3. In a motor vehicle operator's license suspension case, in which it appeared that the operator in the instant case and another operator had a "drag race" on a four lane highway on a Sunday afternoon, simultaneously starting their automobiles, which they had stopped side by side on the highway, and accelerating rapidly until they attained a speed in excess of sixty-five miles per hour; that the Secretary of Revenue, after a hearing, in accordance with his practice of imposing a one year suspension for racing on a highway, suspended the operator's license of each participant in the race for one year; and that the court below found that the operator was engaged in racing, but thought it was "a relatively minor form of racing", and concluded that, as the operator needed a car to get to his place of employment, the penalty was too severe and reduced the period of suspension from one year to four months; it was Held that the order of the court below should be reversed and the order of the secretary reinstated.
Before RHODES, P.J., GUNTHER, WRIGHT, WOODSIDE, ERVIN, WATKINS, and MONTGOMERY, JJ.
Appeal, No. 423, Oct. T., 1960, from order of Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County, May. T., 1960, No. 315, in re appeal of Harry Anen, a minor, by Catherine Anen, his guardian, from order of Department of Revenue of Pennsylvania suspending his privilege to operate a motor vehicle. Order reversed.
Appeal by motor vehicle operator from decision of Secretary of Revenue suspending license. Before FULLAM, J.
Order entered reducing period of suspension. Commonwealth appealed.
Elmer T. Bolla, Deputy Attorney General, with him Anne X. Alpern, Attorney General, for Commonwealth, appellant.
James Fitzcharles, III, for appellee.
Argued December 14, 1960.
Harry Anen and Jack Spaats had a "drag race" on a four lane highway at about 4:15 o'clock on Sunday afternoon, December 20, 1959. They stopped their automobiles side by side on the highway, and started them simultaneously, accelerating rapidly until they attained a speed which the Commonwealth's evidence indicates was in excess of 65 miles per hour. They raced for nearly a mile until stopped by a state policeman.
The Secretary of Revenue, after a hearing, suspended the motor vehicle operator's license of each participant in the race for one year. Anen appealed to the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County which ordered the Secretary of Revenue to reduce the period of suspension from one year to four months. The court found from the testimony taken before it that Anen, who was 18 years old and licensed for less than a year and a half, was engaged in racing, but the court thought it was "a relatively minor form of racing," and, as appellant needs a car to get to his place of employment, concluded that the penalty was too severe.
The Secretary of Revenue follows a practice of imposing a one year suspension for racing on a highway. A schedule of the periods of suspensions was adopted by the Secretary and filed in the office of the Department of State according to the provisions of § 21 of the Administrative Agency Law of June 4, 1945, P.L. 1388, 71 P. S. § 1710-21. Unlike many violations of The Vehicle Code which are the result of thoughtlessness, the offense of racing is a planned, wanton, deliberate violation of an exceedingly dangerous nature. It is a premeditated offense. It demonstrates the immaturity of the offender and proves that he is not worthy of the privilege of operating a motor vehicle on our public highways. Since the commission of this offense by the appellee, the legislature has made drag racing a misdemeanor subject to a maximum fine of $500 and imprisonment for three years. Act of January 8, 1960, P.L. 2118. A suspension of one year in such cases generally, and in this case particularly, is reasonable, proper and legal. It is not too severe. See Com. v. Antolich, 194 Pa. Super. 300, 166 A.2d 541 (1960).
On appeals from the Secretary of Revenue, the courts of common pleas may sustain or reverse an order suspending a motor vehicle operator's license, but ordinarily they have no authority to modify such order.
Section 620 of The Vehicle Code, which authorizes appeals to the court from a suspension by the secretary, gives the court no authority to alter, change or modify the suspension. The section provides: "Any person, whose operator's license or learner's permit has been suspended, . . . shall have the right to file a petition, within thirty (30) days thereafter, for a hearing in the matter in the court of common pleas of the county in which the operator or permittee resides, . . . Such courts are hereby vested with jurisdiction, . . . to take testimony and examine into the facts of the case, and to determine whether the petitioner is subject to suspension of operator's license or learner's permit,. . . ." The Vehicle Code of April 29, 1959, P.L. 58, § 620, 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 620.
In Commonwealth v. Garman, 361 Pa. 643, 646, 66 A.2d 271 (1949), the Supreme Court said: ". . . As far as The Vehicle Code is concerned, it provides, as already stated, that the court hearing the matter is to determine `whether the petitioner is subject to suspension of operator's license'; that question must be answered by the court either affirmatively, in which case it should sustain the suspension ordered by the Secretary, or negatively, in which case it should reverse the suspension and direct a reinstatement of the license. The order made by the court below failed to adopt either of these alternatives and was therefore beyond the limits of the discretion entrusted to it by the statute:"
In Commonwealth v. Moogerman, 385 Pa. 256, 122 A.2d 804 (1956) the court said: ". . . the Secretary of Revenue suspended Miss Moogerman's motor vehicle operating privileges for a period of 90 days. She appealed to the County Court of Allegheny County which, by sustaining the suspension and yet allowing the defendant a limited license, both approved and disapproved the Secretary's action. This self-contradictory order cannot be sustained. In its disposition of this case the County Court misapprehended its authority and function under The Vehicle Code." (p. 257). "If the facts supported a suspension, the appeal was to be dismissed, and if they did not, the appeal was to be sustained. . . . The decision of the County Court in the case at bar, if unreversed, would tend to give ballast to the unsubstantiated notion that the Courts may be called upon to function as ex officio pardon boards to mitigate the penalties which the Legislature empowered the Secretary of Revenue to impose under given conditions." (p. 259).
The court below ignored these pronouncements by the Supreme Court, and instead, as Mr. Justice MUSMANNO said in the above case on page 259: "It adopted a parens patriae attitude. It acted like a philosophical but indulgent parent who recognizes and deplores the mischief committed by his child but lacks the hardihood to discipline him for it."
Even in liquor license cases, where the statute authorizes the court to "alter or modify the . . . penalties," we have consistently held that the courts may not reduce the penalties imposed by the board unless they make different basic findings of fact. Act of April 12, 1951, P.L. 90, § 471, 47 P. S. § 4-471; Reiter Liquor License Case, 173 Pa. Super. 552, 98 A.2d 465 (1953); E. End Social Club Liquor License Case, 193 Pa. Superior. Ct. 583, 165 A.2d 253 (1960).
Order of the court below is reversed, and the order of the Secretary of Revenue suspending appellee's license for one year is reinstated.