Opinion
April 20, 1925.
Swanick Barber [ James F. Barber of counsel], for the plaintiff.
Charles O. Truex [ Paul Koch of counsel], for the defendant Tietjen Lang Dry Dock Company.
The action is by an administrator to recover for the death of one Doland, his intestate. Doland received injuries while working on board a vessel in the Hudson river as an employee of the defendant Tietjen Lang Dry Dock Company. That company had a contract to repair the vessel upon which Doland, as its employee, was injured February 10, 1923, in the course of making the repairs. Doland was taken from the vessel to a hospital in New Jersey where he died two days after the accident, February 12, 1923. Under the general maritime law no recovery may be had for a death upon navigable waters resulting from negligence. ( The Harrisburg, 119 U.S. 199; The Alaska, 130 id. 201; 1 Benedict Admiralty [5th ed.] § 140; Matter of La Bourgogne, 117 F. 261.) Before the Jones Act an action in personam could be maintained in the State and Federal courts for such a death negligently caused where plaintiff was suing in a State having a Death Statute, which State act he invoked. ( Steamboat Co. v. Chase, 83 U.S. 522; The Hamilton, 207 id. 398, 404; Western Fuel Co. v. Garcia, 257 id. 233, 241; Groonstad v. Robins Dry Dock R. Co., 236 N.Y. 52.) The Jones Act superseded these local Death Statutes in actions involving seamen. ( Patrone v. Howlett, 237 N.Y. 394.)
Section 33 of the Merchant Marine Act, 1920 (41 U.S. Stat. at Large, 1007, chap. 250), approved June 5, 1920, and known as the Jones Act, which amended section 20 of the Seamen's Act, 1915 (38 U.S. Stat. at Large, 1185, chap. 153), approved March 4, 1915, and known as the La Follette Act; Barnes Fed. Code, § 7568), gives a right of action for the death of a seaman. ( Panama R.R. Co. v. Johnson, 264 U.S. 375.) But a plaintiff now must avowedly sue upon that act and not rely upon a State statute. ( Patrone v. Howlett, supra.) Plaintiff herein does not plead upon the Jones Act. Doland was not a seaman; therefore, plaintiff may not invoke the Jones Act.
Doland was a resident of New Jersey when he died, and the plaintiff procured letters of administration in New Jersey. The complaint must be deemed to be invoking the New Jersey Death Act (N.J. Laws of 1848, p. 151, as amd. by N.J. Laws of 1917, chap. 180; 2 Comp. Stat. N.J. 1907, § 7). If the New York State statute (Decedent Estate Law, § 130 et seq., as added by Laws of 1920, chap. 919) were deemed controlling no different result would ensue. Both statutes are death statutes as distinguished from survival statutes. ( McKeering v. Penn. R.R. Co., 65 N.J.L. 57; Cooper v. Shore Electric Co., 63 id. 558; Cons. Traction Co. v. Hone, 60 id. 444; Grosso v. D., L. W.R.R. Co., 50 id. 317; Matter of Meekin v. Brooklyn Hts. R.R. Co., 164 N.Y. 145; Matter of Brennan, 160 A.D. 401; Gmaehle v. Rosenberg, 83 id. 339.)
Doland's injuries were received on board a vessel in navigable waters, but he died on land. The character of the work he was engaged in apart from anything else eliminates the Jones Act; therefore, no cause of action arose in admiralty for his death. The cause of action, if any, that arose for his death arose on land. ( Ryley v. Phila. R.R. Co., 173 F. 839; The Kaian Maru, 2 Fed. [2d] 121.) The defendant employer is a New Jersey corporation. The plaintiff was a New Jersey resident and the contract between them was made in New Jersey and, therefore, was a New Jersey contract. Did this cause of action which arose on land persist or was it extinguished by the New Jersey Workmen's Compensation Law enacted in 1911? That act is an elective act. It provides (N.J. Laws of 1911, chap. 95, § 2, subds. 7, 8, 9) that if the employer complies with it (and the record herein shows that this employer did so comply), in the absence of notice not to be bound, from the employee within the time and in the manner prescribed by the act, both are presumed to have agreed to be bound thereby. Doland gave no notice that he did not intend to be bound by the act; therefore, he and his next of kin became bound by it. The New Jersey Workmen's Compensation Law thereby became part of the contract between the defendant employer and Doland. That act, therefore, determines the rights of the plaintiff with respect to the death of Doland. ( Bockhop v. Phœnix Transit Co., 97 N.J.L. 514; Grant Smith-Porter Co. v. Rohde, 257 U.S. 469; Holland v. Atlantic Stevedoring Co., 210 A.D. 129.) The rights which would otherwise arise under the New Jersey Death Act were, therefore, prevented from arising by reason of the inclusion of the New Jersey Workmen's Compensation Law in the contract of the employer and Doland. It follows from this that this court has no jurisdiction of the subject of the action. This disposition is not inconsistent with Newman v. Robins Dry Dock Repair Co. ( 201 A.D. 861). There the contract of employment did not include as part of its terms the New York Workmen's Compensation Law. Here the contract of employment includes the New Jersey Workmen's Compensation Law, recourse to which is the sole remedy of the plaintiff. The motion must, therefore, be granted.