Opinion
2014-09-26
Gail A. ANDERSON, now known as Gail A. Halim, also known as Gail A. Decker, Plaintiff–Respondent, v. Joseph M. ANDERSON, Defendant–Appellant.
Connors & Vilardo, LLP, Buffalo (Lawrence J. Vilardo of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Hiscock & Barclay, LLP, Buffalo (Joseph M. Finnerty of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
Connors & Vilardo, LLP, Buffalo (Lawrence J. Vilardo of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Hiscock & Barclay, LLP, Buffalo (Joseph M. Finnerty of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., PERADOTTO, CARNI AND LINDLEY, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
Defendant former husband appeals from an order that denied his request to terminatethe consultation fees that were being paid to plaintiff former wife pursuant to a provision of the parties' Separation and Property Settlement Agreement (Agreement), which had been incorporated but not merged into their judgment of divorce. According to defendant, the provision created an employment relationship, permitting defendant to terminate the payments for good cause. We agree.
The consultation fee provision is found in the “Support” section of the Agreement and is entitled, “Additional Support.” According to the terms of the provision, if defendant's maintenance obligation to plaintiff terminates because of, inter alia, her remarriage, defendant will cause his business “to employ [plaintiff] as a consultant” for a certain weekly salary. The terms of the provision further provide that such “employment” shall continue until defendant's child support obligations under the Agreement terminate. Although the Agreement does not require plaintiff “to work any particular number of hours,” it requires her to “be available at reasonable times and from time to time to consult, as needed by [defendant], with respect to [his] various business interests.”
After plaintiff opened a competing business, defendant moved by order to show cause, inter alia, to terminate the consultation fees on the ground that plaintiff, as his employee, had breached her duty of loyalty. Supreme Court denied the motion, concluding in relevant part that “the employment provision is not a contract for employment, but rather ... is a support provision which allow[ed] the defendant's business to make payments to plaintiff instead of the defendant himself.” We conclude, however, that the provision constitutes an employment contract, thereby permitting defendant to terminate the payments upon plaintiff's breach of her duty of loyalty to him as her employer ( see Western Elec. Co. v. Brenner, 41 N.Y.2d 291, 295, 392 N.Y.S.2d 409, 360 N.E.2d 1091), and we therefore reverse.
It is well established that a separation agreement that is incorporated but not merged into a judgment of divorce “is a contract subject to the principles of contract construction and interpretation” ( Matter of Meccico v. Meccico, 76 N.Y.2d 822, 823–824, 559 N.Y.S.2d 974, 559 N.E.2d 668, rearg. denied76 N.Y.2d 889, 561 N.Y.S.2d 551, 562 N.E.2d 876; see Rainbow v. Swisher, 72 N.Y.2d 106, 109, 531 N.Y.S.2d 775, 527 N.E.2d 258; Gurbacki v. Gurbacki, 270 A.D.2d 807, 807, 708 N.Y.S.2d 761), and “a written agreement that is complete, clear and unambiguous on its face must be enforced according to the plain meaning of its terms” (Greenfield v. Philles Records, 98 N.Y.2d 562, 569, 750 N.Y.S.2d 565, 780 N.E.2d 166; see Thompson v. McQueeney, 56 A.D.3d 1254, 1257, 868 N.Y.S.2d 443). By entering into the Agreement, defendant agreed to employ plaintiff in the event his maintenance obligation terminated during the period of time in which he was still obligated to pay child support. Inasmuch as the language of the Agreement is clear and unambiguous on its face, “the intent of the parties must be gleaned from within the four corners of the instrument, and not from extrinsic evidence” (Rainbow, 72 N.Y.2d at 109, 531 N.Y.S.2d 775, 527 N.E.2d 258; see Von Buren v. Von Buren, 252 A.D.2d 950, 950, 675 N.Y.S.2d 739).
While we agree with plaintiff and the court that the clear and unambiguous intent of the Agreement was to provide a substitute source of monetary support for plaintiff after defendant's maintenance obligation terminated, we conclude that the reason defendant agreed to employ plaintiff does not change the fact that the Agreement established an employment relationshipwith corresponding rights and obligations for both parties.
As we have previously stated, “[a]n employee may not compete with his [or her] employer's business during the time of his [or her] employment” (Hercules Packing Corp. v. Steinbruckner, 28 A.D.2d 635, 635, 280 N.Y.S.2d 423, appeal dismissed20 N.Y.2d 757, 283 N.Y.S.2d 174, 229 N.E.2d 842; see Bon Temps Agency v. Greenfield, 184 A.D.2d 280, 281, 584 N.Y.S.2d 824, lv. dismissed81 N.Y.2d 759, 594 N.Y.S.2d 718, 610 N.E.2d 391; Maritime Fish Prods. v. World–Wide Fish Prods., 100 A.D.2d 81, 88, 474 N.Y.S.2d 281, appeal dismissed63 N.Y.2d 675). When plaintiff opened a business in direct competition with defendant's business, plaintiff breached her duty of loyalty to her employer ( see Western Elec. Co., 41 N.Y.2d at 295, 392 N.Y.S.2d 409, 360 N.E.2d 1091), thereby permitting defendant to terminate the consultation fees and the employment relationship.
To the extent that plaintiff contends that defendant's delay in seeking her termination constitutes a waiver of his right to seek her termination, we note that the Agreement specifically provides that a party's failure to seek strict performance of the Agreement or to exercise any option thereunder will not be construed as a waiver of the right to do so at a later date.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order insofar as appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs and that part of the motion seeking to terminate the consultation fees is granted.