Opinion
No. 80886.
February 11, 1993.
Original Proceeding — Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure — Sentencing Guidelines.
Leonard Holton, Director, Sentencing Guidelines Com'n, Tallahassee, for petitioner.
The Florida Sentencing Guidelines Commission petitions the Court to amend Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 3.701 and 3.988. We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(a) of the Florida Constitution.
The 1992 Florida Legislature created several new crimes that require amendment to rules 3.701(c) and 3.988. Chapter 92-45, section 8, Laws of Florida, amended section 517.301, Florida Statutes, to make the rendering of any investment advice in the promotion of a fraudulent scheme a third-degree felony. Chapter 92-67, section 1, Laws of Florida, amended section 231.06, Florida Statutes, to add elected school district officials to the list protecting school board employees from assault or battery. Chapter 92-69, sections 5 and 47, Laws of Florida, amended section 499.069, Florida Statutes, to provide that violations of new subsections of section 499.005, Florida Statutes, relating to the regulation of drugs and cosmetics are third-degree felonies. Based on these statutory changes, and to conform the guidelines to those changes, categories 4, 6, and 7 of rule 3.701(c) are amended to read as follows:
The amendments to the forms in Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.988 are appended to this opinion.
Category 4: Violent personal crimes: Section 231.06,Cchapters 784 and 836, section 843.01, and subsection 381.411(4).
* * * * * *
Category 6: Thefts, forgery, fraud: Sections 192.037 and 206.56, chapters 322 and 409, section 370.142, section 415.111, chapter 443, section 493.3175, sections 494.0018, 496.413, and 496.417, chapter 509, subsection 517.301(1)(a), subsections 585.145(3) and 585.85(2), section 687.146, and chapters 812 (except section 812.13), 815, 817, 831, and 832.
Category 7: Drugs: Section 499.005 andCchapter 893.
Other amended statutes are already contained in rules 3.701(c) and 3.988 and do not require amendment of those rules.
E.g., ch. 92-50, § 1, Laws of Fla. (amending § 784.08(2), Fla. Stat., enhanced penalties for assault or battery committed on a person over the age of 65); ch. 92-73, §§ 3, 4, Laws of Fla. (amending §§ 943.0585(1) and 943.059(1), Fla. Stat., relative to expunction and sealing of criminal records); ch. 92-79, §§ 1, 6, Laws of Fla. (amending §§ 812.014(2)(d) and 812.15, Fla. Stat., relating to petit theft and to obtaining personal property by trick or false pretenses); ch. 92-83, § 1, Laws of Fla. (amending § 827.071(5), Fla. Stat., regarding possession of material depicting sexual conduct by a child); ch. 92-30, §§ 1, 4, Laws of Fla. (creates §§ 790.115 and 810.095, Fla. Stat., regarding possession of weapons or firearms on school property); ch. 92-141, § 1, Laws of Fla. (adding definitions of proscribed ammunition to § 790.31, Fla. Stat.); ch. 92-155, § 3, Laws of Fla. (creating § 812.15, Fla. Stat., regarding unauthorized reception of cable services); and ch. 92-208, § 1, Laws of Fla. (creates § 784.048, Fla. Stat., regarding stalking).
In response to our request in Bunney v. State, 603 So.2d 1270 (Fla. 1992), the commission recommends that rule 3.701(d) be amended to provide that a sentencing court be allowed to impose any sentence allowed by law where the offender is being sentenced for a capital felony and other noncapital felonies arising from the same criminal episode. Thus, the death would be scored as victim injury, and the court could also impose a departure sentence. This change in the reasons for departure is procedural, and we amend rule 3.701(d)(12) to read as follows:
(12) A sentence must be imposed for each offense. However, the total sentence cannot exceed the total guidelines sentence unless a written reason is given. Where the offender is being sentenced for a capital felony and other noncapital felonies that arose out of the same criminal episode or transaction, the sentencing court may impose any sentence authorized by law for the noncapital felonies.
As another procedural change, the commission recommends that the commission note to rule 3.701(c) be amended to clarify that attempts, solicitations, or conspiracies to commit first-degree murder be scored in category 1 and that attempts, solicitations, or conspiracies to commit capital sexual batteries be scored in category 2. We agree and amend the first unnumbered paragraph of the commission note on paragraph (c) to read as follows:
Inchoate offenses are included within the category of the offense attempted, solicited, or conspired to, as modified by chapter 777. An attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy to commit first-degree murder as defined in subsection 782.04(1)(a) shall be scored in category 1. An attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy to commit capital sexual battery as defined in subsection 794.011(2) shall be scored in category 2.
The commission has also proposed two other amendments. First, the commission recommends that paragraph (d)(1) of rule 3.701 be amended to provide for consideration of habitual felony or habitual violent felony offenders to prevent an artificial lowering of recommended sentence:
(1) One guideline scoresheet shall be utilized for each defendant covering all offenses pending before the court for sentencing, including offenses for which the defendant has been adjudicated as an habitual felony offender or an habitual violent felony offender. The state attorney's office will prepare the scoresheets and present them to defense counsel for review as to accuracy in all cases unless the judge directs otherwise. The sentencing judge shall approve all scoresheets.
Second, the commission recommends amending the committee note to rule 3.701(d)(7) as follows regarding scoring victim trauma in sexual offenses:
(d)(7) This provision implements the intention of the commission that points for victim injury be added for each victim injured during a criminal transaction or episode. The injury need not be an element of the crime for which the defendant is convicted, but is limited to physical trauma. Physical trauma shall include penetration and sexual contact. However, if the victim injury is the result of a crime for which the defendant has been acquitted, it shall not be scored.
These last two proposals, however, are more substantive than procedural and cannot be summarily enacted by this Court.
Therefore, we adopt the proposed revisions to rule 3.701(c) and (d)(12) and to the commission note on paragraph (c), effective immediately on filing of this opinion. The proposed revisions to rule 3.701(d)(1) and to paragraph (d)(7) are to be transmitted to the legislature for consideration during its 1993 regular session and will become effective only upon being implemented by the legislature.
It is so ordered.
BARKETT, C.J., and OVERTON, McDONALD, SHAW, GRIMES, KOGAN and HARDING, JJ., concur.
836.05 836.10 843.01 192.037 206.56 812.13 494.0018 496.413 496.417 517.301 585.145 687.146 499.005
APPENDIX Rule 3.988(d) Category 4: Violent Personal Crimes I. Primary Offense at Conviction Counts Points ------------------ Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- 1st 147 176 191 206 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 105 126 136 146 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 73 88 95 102 — --------------------------------- _______ Primary offense counts in excess of four: Add 15 for each additional 1st _______ Add 10 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 7 for each additional 3rd _______ Total _______ II. Additional Offenses at Conviction Counts Points ----------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ---------------------------------- 1st 29 35 38 41 — -------------------------------- _______ 2d 21 25 27 29 — -------------------------------- _______ 3rd 15 18 20 21 — -------------------------------- _______ MM 3 4 5 6 — -------------------------------- _______ Additional offense counts in excess of four: Add 3 for each additional 1st _______ Add 2 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 1 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 1 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ III. Prior Record Counts Points ------------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- Life 50 110 160 270 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st pbl 40 88 128 216 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st 30 66 96 162 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 15 33 48 81 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 5 11 18 27 — --------------------------------- _______ MM 1 2 4 6 — --------------------------------- _______ Prior convictions in excess of four: Add 90 for each additional life _______ Add 88 for each additional 1st pbl _______ Add 66 for each additional 1st _______ Add 33 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 9 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 2 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ IV. Legal Status at Time of Offense Status Points ---------------------------------- No restrictions 0 ---------------------------------- Legal constraint 36 ---------------------------------- Total _______ V. Victim Injury (physical) Degree of Injury X Number = Points ------------------ None 0 — ---------------- ______ ______ Slight 12 — ---------------- ______ ______ Moderate 24 — ---------------- ______ ______ Death or severe 36 — ---------------- ______ ______ Total ______ Section 231.06 — Assault or Battery Upon District School Board Employee Chapter 784 — Assault, Battery Section — Threats, Extortion Section — Written Threats to Kill or Do Bodily Injury Section — Resisting Officer with Violence Subsection 381.411(4)(b) — Battery on HRS Employee GUIDELINE SENTENCE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Points Recommended Range Permitted Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73-112 any nonstate prison sanction any nonstate prison sanction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- any nonstate prison sanction or community control or 12-30 months community control or 1-3 1/2 113-154 incarceration years incarceration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 community control or 155-176 (2 1/2-3 1/2) 1-4 1/2 years incarceration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 177-192 (3 1/2-4 1/2) 2 1/2-5 1/2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 193-206 (4 1/2-5 1/2) 3 1/2-7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 207-228 (5 1/2-7) 4 1/2-9 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 229-254 (7-9) 5 1/2-12 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 255-292 (9-12) 7-17 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 293-352 (12-17) 9-22 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 353-412 (17-22) 12-27 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 413-472 (22-27) 17-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 473 + (27-40) 22-40 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note — Any person sentenced for a felony offense committed after October 1, 1988, whose presumptive sentence is any nonstate prison sanction may be sentenced to community control or to a term of incarceration not to exceed 22 months. Such sentence is not subject to appeal. However, before imposing such sentence, the court shall give due consideration to the criteria in s. 921.005(1). § 921.001(5), Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1988). Rule 3.988(f) Category 6: Thefts, Forgery, Fraud I. Primary Offense at Conviction Counts Points ----------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- Life 86 103 112 120 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st 70 84 91 98 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 35 42 46 49 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 13 16 17 18 — --------------------------------- _______ Primary offense counts in excess of four: Add 8 for each additional life _______ Add 7 for each additional 1st _______ Add 3 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 1 for each additional 3rd _______ Total _______ II. Additional Offenses at Conviction Counts Points ------------------ Degree 1 2 3 4 ---------------------------------- Life 17 20 22 24 — -------------------------------- _______ 1st pbl 16 18 20 22 — -------------------------------- _______ 1st 14 17 18 19 — -------------------------------- _______ 2d 7 8 9 10 — -------------------------------- _______ 3rd 3 4 5 6 — -------------------------------- _______ MM 1 2 3 4 — -------------------------------- _______ Additional offense counts in excess of four: Add 2 for each additional life _______ Add 2 for each additional 1st pbl _______ Add 1 for each additional 1st _______ Add 1 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 1 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 1 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ III. A. Prior Record Counts Points ----------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ---------------------------------- Life 50 110 180 270 — -------------------------------- _______ 1st pbl 40 88 138 216 — -------------------------------- _______ 1st 30 66 96 162 — -------------------------------- _______ 2d 15 33 48 81 — -------------------------------- _______ 3rd 5 11 18 27 — -------------------------------- _______ MM 1 2 4 6 — -------------------------------- _______ Prior convictions in excess of four: Add 90 for each additional life _______ Add 78 for each additional 1st pbl _______ Add 66 for each additional 1st _______ Add 33 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 9 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 2 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ III. B. Same Category Priors Add 5 for each prior category 6 offense _______ Priors X 5 = _______ Total Points IV. Legal Status at Time of Offense Status Points ---------------------------------- No restrictions 0 ---------------------------------- Legal constraint 6 ---------------------------------- Total _______ V. Victim Injury (physical) Degree of Injury X Number = Points ---------------- None 0 — -------------- ______ ______ Slight 3 — -------------- ______ ______ Moderate 6 — -------------- ______ ______ Death or severe 9 — -------------- ______ ______ Total ______ Chapter 322 — Drivers' Licenses Section — Escrow Accounts Chapter 409 — Social and Economic Section — Theft of State Funds Assistance Chapter 443 — Unemployment Section 370.142 — Lobster Trap Tags Compensation Chapter 509 — Public Lodging and Section 415.11 — Abuse, Neglect or Public Food Service Exploitation of Aged Person or Establishments Disabled Adult Chapter 812 — Theft (except section Section 493.3175 — Sale of Property — Robbery) by a Licensee Chapter 815 — Computer-Related Section — Mortgage Brokers Crimes Chapter 817 — Fraudulent Practices Section , — Solicitation of Contributions Chapter 831 — Forgery and Section (1)(a) — Fraudulent Counterfeiting Securities Transactions Chapter 832 — Worthless Checks Subsections (3), 585.85(2) — Veterinary Inspection Section — Loan Brokers GUIDELINE SENTENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Points Recommended Range Permitted Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-36 any nonstate prison sanction any nonstate prison sanction --------------------------------------------------------------------------- any nonstate prison sanction or community control or 12-30 months community control or 1-3 1/2 37-56 incarceration years incarceration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 community control or 57-74 (2 1/2-3 1/2) 1-4 1/2 years incarceration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 75-90 (3 1/2-4 1/2) 2 1/2-5 1/2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 91-104 (4 1/2-5 1/2) 3 1/2-7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 105-122 (5 1/2-7) 4 1/2-9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 123-146 (7-9) 5 1/2-12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 147-180 (9-12) 7-17 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 181-240 (12-17) 9-22 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 241-300 (17-22) 12-27 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 301-360 (22-27) 17-40 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 361-420 (27-40) 22-Life --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421 + Life 27-Life --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note — Any person sentenced for a felony offense committed after October 1, 1988, whose presumptive sentence is any nonstate prison sanction may be sentenced to community control or to a term of incarceration not to exceed 22 months. Such sentence is not subject to appeal. However, before imposing such sentence, the court shall give due consideration to the criteria in s. 921.005(1). § 921.001(5), Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1988). Rule 3.988(g) Category 7: Drugs I. Primary Offense at Conviction Counts Points ----------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- Life 151 181 196 211 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st 137 164 178 192 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 65 78 84 91 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 42 50 55 59 — --------------------------------- _______ Primary offense counts in excess of four: Add 15 for each additional life _______ Add 14 for each additional 1st _______ Add 7 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 4 for each additional 3rd _______ Total _______ II. Additional Offenses at Conviction Counts Points ------------------- Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- Life 30 36 39 42 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st pbl 28 34 37 40 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st 27 32 35 38 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 13 16 17 18 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 8 10 11 12 — --------------------------------- _______ MM 2 3 4 5 — --------------------------------- _______ Additional offense counts in excess of four: Add 3 for each additional life _______ Add 3 for each additional 1st pbl _______ Add 3 for each additional 1st _______ Add 1 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 1 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 1 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ III. Prior Record Counts Points ------------------ Degree 1 2 3 4 ----------------------------------- Life 60 130 210 300 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st pbl 48 104 168 240 — --------------------------------- _______ 1st 36 78 126 180 — --------------------------------- _______ 2d 18 39 63 90 — --------------------------------- _______ 3rd 6 13 21 30 — --------------------------------- _______ MM 1 2 3 4 — --------------------------------- _______ Prior convictions in excess of four: Add 90 for each additional life _______ Add 72 for each additional 1st pbl _______ Add 54 for each additional 1st _______ Add 27 for each additional 2nd _______ Add 9 for each additional 3rd _______ Add 1 for each additional MM _______ Total _______ IV. Legal Status at Time of Offense Status Points ---------------------------------- No restrictions 0 ---------------------------------- Legal constraint 14 ---------------------------------- Total _______ V. Victim Injury (physical) Degree of Injury X Number = Points ---------------- None 0 — -------------- ______ ______ Slight 5 — -------------- ______ ______ Moderate 10 — -------------- ______ ______ Death or severe 15 — -------------- ______ ______ Total ______ Section — Regulation of Drugs and Cosmetics Chapter 893 — Drugs GUIDELINE SENTENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Points Recommended Range Permitted Range --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42-75 any nonstate prison sanction any nonstate prison sanction --------------------------------------------------------------------------- any nonstate prison sanction or community control or 12-30 months community control or 1-3 1/2 76-113 incarceration years incarceration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 community control or 114-133 (2 1/2-3 1/2) 1-4 1/2 years incarceration --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 134-147 (3 1/2-4 1/2) 2 1/2-5 1/2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 148-162 (4 1/2-5 1/2) 3 1/2-7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 163-184 (5 1/2-7) 4 1/2-9 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 185-208 (7-9) 5 1/2-12 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 209-244 (9-12) 7-17 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 245-304 (12-17) 9-22 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 305-364 (17-22) 12-27 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 365-424 (22-27) 17-40 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 425-483 (27-40) 22-Life --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 484 + Life 27-Life --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note — Any person sentenced for a felony offense committed after October 1, 1988, whose presumptive sentence is any nonstate prison sanction may be sentenced to community control or to a term of incarceration not to exceed 22 months. Such sentence is not subject to appeal. However, before imposing such sentence, the court shall give due consideration to the criteria in s. 921.005(1). § 921.001(5), Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1988).