American Employers' Insurance v. Medical Protective Co.

Full title: AMERICAN EMPLOYERS' INSURANCE COMPANY v MEDICAL PROTECTIVE COMPANY

Court: Michigan Court of Appeals

Date published: Jan 19, 1988

165 Mich. App. 657 (Mich. Ct. App. 1988)

419 N.W.2d 447

Opinion

Docket No. 93127.

Decided January 19, 1988. Leave to appeal applied for.

MacArthur, Cheatham, Acker Smith, P.C. (by Charles C. Cheatham and Dwight R. Robinson), for plaintiff.

Plunkett, Cooney, Rutt, Watters, Stanczyk Pedersen, P.C. (by John P. Jacobs and Deanna E. Hazen), for defendant Patterson Patterson, Whitfield, Manikoff, Ternan White.

Before: D.F. WALSH, P.J., and WEAVER and M. WARSHAWSKY,^_ JJ.

_ Circuit judge, sitting on the Court of Appeals by assignment.

WEAVER, J.

Plaintiff insurer appeals as of right from an order of the Oakland Circuit Court which granted summary disposition in favor of defendant law firm. We affirm.

I

Eon Shin, M.D., carried primary medical professional liability insurance of $200,000 with Medical Protective Company, a defendant herein. Dr. Shin also carried professional liability insurance of $1 million with the plaintiff insurer, American Employers' Insurance Company. When Dr. Shin was sued for medical malpractice, Medical Protective Company as primary insurer hired William Whitfield of the defendant law firm to defend the suit. The malpractice action resulted in a verdict and judgment against Dr. Shin for $900,000.

The plaintiff excess insurer then sued defendant law firm and the primary insurer alleging negligence and legal malpractice on the part of defendant law firm due to attorney Whitfield's alleged failure to (1) recommend settlement within the primary insurer's policy limits, (2) advise Dr. Shin that he was in default because attorney Whitfield did not answer the amended complaint, (3) inform the excess insurer's counsel of the primary insurer's settlement authorization, and (4) advise Dr. Shin prior to trial of authority to settle within the primary insurer's policy limits. The plaintiff excess insurer also alleged that defendant law firm acted as an agent of the primary insurer and that plaintiff was subrogated to the rights of the insured physician against defendant law firm.

Upon motion by defendant law firm, the circuit court granted summary disposition on the basis that the excess insurer had no recognizable cause of action, MCR 2.116(C)(8). The plaintiff excess insurer appeals as of right.¹

1 The primary insurer, Medical Protective Company, was originally named as a defendant but was dismissed without prejudice after this appeal was filed.

II

On appeal, the plaintiff excess insurer argues that the doctrine of equitable subrogation entitles it to pursue a malpractice action against defendant law firm, and that therefore the circuit court erred when granting summary disposition. To support its thesis, plaintiff asks this Court to extend the holding of Commercial Union Ins Co v Medical Protective Co, 426 Mich. 109; 393 N.W.2d 479 (1986), which reasoned that an excess insurer is an equitable subrogee of the insured and may sue a primary insurer for its bad faith failure to defend or settle.

We are unable to extend the holding of Commercial Union as plaintiff requests. We note that Commercial Union declined to recognize, under the facts there presented, a direct duty cause of action in tort between the primary insurer and excess insurer. Id. at 123-124. Similarly, we decline to recognize such a duty between defense counsel and an excess insurer. See DR 5-107(B). See also Valentine v Liberty Mutual Ins Co, 620 F.2d 583, 584, n 1 (CA 6, 1980). An attorney does not owe a duty of care to an adverse party in litigation. Friedman v Dozorc, 412 Mich. 1, 22-26, 312 N.W.2d 585 (1981). While an excess insurer is not an adverse party in litigation, the interests of insurer and insured are not identical and may at times conflict.

Although the plaintiff excess insurer may be characterized as an equitable subrogee of the insured physician, it may not sue the insured's defense attorney for legal malpractice. To hold otherwise would in our judgment acknowledge a direct duty owed by the insured's attorney to the excess insurer and would be tantamount to saying that insurance defense attorneys do not owe their duty of loyalty and zealous representation to the insured client alone. Such a holding would contradict the personal nature of the attorney-client relationship, which permits a legal malpractice action to accrue only to the attorney's client. See Moorhouse v Ambassador Ins Co, Inc, 147 Mich. App. 412, 417; 383 N.W.2d 219 (1985). See also Ins Co of North America v Forty-Eight Insulations, Inc, 633 F.2d 1212, 1225, n 25 (CA 6, 1980), cert den 454 U.S. 1075 (1981), reh den 455 U.S. 1009 (1982); Apex Mutual Ins Co v Christner, 99 Ill. App.2d 153; 240 N.E.2d 742, 753 (1968). Such a holding would also encourage excess insurers to sue defense attorneys for malpractice whenever they are disgruntled by having to pay within limits of policies to which they contracted and for which they received premiums. Were this to occur, we believe that defense attorneys would come to fear such attacks, and the attorney-client relationship would be put in jeopardy.

Testing the motion for summary disposition on the basis of the pleadings pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(8), the plaintiff excess insurer's claim was so clearly unenforceable as a matter of law that no factual development could possibly have allowed recovery. Harrison Twp v Calisi, 121 Mich. App. 777, 781-782; 329 N.W.2d 488 (1982). Therefore the circuit court did not err in granting the motion in favor of defendant law firm.

Affirmed.