Opinion
2012-06-19
Ronald ALLEVA, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC., Defendant–Respondent, Gary Callwood, Defendant. United Parcel Service, Inc., Third–Party Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Pitt Investigations, Inc., Third–Party Defendant–Respondent.
Law Offices of Edmond J. Pryor, Bronx (William C. Clyne of counsel), for Ronald Alleva, appellant. Lester Schwab Katz & Dwyer, LLP, New York (Steven B. Prystowsky of counsel), for United Parcel Service, Inc., respondent/appellant.
Law Offices of Edmond J. Pryor, Bronx (William C. Clyne of counsel), for Ronald Alleva, appellant. Lester Schwab Katz & Dwyer, LLP, New York (Steven B. Prystowsky of counsel), for United Parcel Service, Inc., respondent/appellant.
Churbuck, Calabria, Jones & Materazo, Hicksville (Joseph A. Materazo of counsel), for respondent.
MAZZARELLI, J.P., SAXE, DeGRASSE, RICHTER, ABDUS–SALAAM, JJ.
Order, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Stanley Green, J.), entered May 5, 2011, which denied plaintiff's motion to strike defendant United Parcel Service, Inc.'s (UPS) answer, unanimously affirmed, without costs. Order, same court and Justice, entered May 6, 2011, which, to the extent appealed from as limited by the briefs, granted UPS's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint as against it, and granted third-party defendant Pitt Investigations, Inc.'s motion for summary judgment dismissing the claim for contractual indemnification, unanimously modified, on the law, to deny UPS's motion as to the negligent retention and supervision claims, to deny Pitt's motion, and to grant UPS's motion for summary judgment on its claim for contractual indemnification against Pitt, and otherwise affirmed, without costs.
Plaintiff, a security guard employed by defendant Pitt at a UPS distribution center, seeks to recover for injuries he sustained when he allegedly was assaulted by defendant Callwood, a UPS employee, while searching Callwood's belongings.
UPS's unexplained failure to provide plaintiff with its “center file” on Callwood, which, inter alia, would document any previous disciplinary issues, and which UPS's counsel asserted, without elaboration, “no longer exist [s],” constitutes spoliation. The file would be critical in determining whether UPS had notice of Callwood's propensity for violence, an issue central to plaintiff's claims. Plaintiff cannot be faulted for his inability to establish that the missing records contained critical evidence ( see Sage Realty Corp. v. Proskauer Rose, 275 A.D.2d 11, 17, 713 N.Y.S.2d 155 [2000],lv. dismissed96 N.Y.2d 937, 733 N.Y.S.2d 375, 759 N.E.2d 374 [2001] ). However, the extreme sanction of striking UPS's answer-the only relief plaintiff sought-is not warranted, since the center file does not constitute the sole source of the information and the sole means by which plaintiff can establish his case ( see Schantz v. Fish, 79 A.D.3d 481, 911 N.Y.S.2d 625 [2010];Minaya v. Duane Reade Intl., Inc., 66 A.D.3d 402, 886 N.Y.S.2d 154 [2009] ). A lesser sanction, such as an adverse inference charge, if sought, at trial, would be more appropriate.
In opposition to UPS's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint, plaintiff raised a triable issue of fact as to UPS's negligent retention and supervision of Callwood. Plaintiff's testimony that a UPS supervisor told him to keep an eye on Callwood on the night of the incident and the supervisor's admission as to his suspicions that Callwood was stealing could reasonably be found to have made Callwood's violent reaction to plaintiff's search of his belongings foreseeable ( see Coffey v. City of New York, 49 A.D.3d 449, 853 N.Y.S.2d 551 [2008] ). However, UPS cannot be held vicariously liable for its employee's assault, since the tort was not committed in furtherance of UPS's interests but was personal in nature ( see Kawoya v. Pet Pantry Warehouse, 3 A.D.3d 368, 369, 771 N.Y.S.2d 86 [2004],appeal dismissed2 N.Y.3d 752, 778 N.Y.S.2d 771, 811 N.E.2d 33 [2004];Adams v. New York City Tr. Auth., 211 A.D.2d 285, 294, 626 N.Y.S.2d 455 [1995],affd. 88 N.Y.2d 116, 643 N.Y.S.2d 511, 666 N.E.2d 216 [1996] ).
The agreement between UPS and Pitt provides that Pitt shall indemnify UPS for “any and all claims ... of any kind or nature whatsoever related to the Work hereunder,” and for “any claims ... arising ... out of or in consequence of the work hereunder ... and any injury suffered by any employee of [Pitt], ... except [for] losses ... arising out of the sole negligence of UPS” (emphasis added). Since plaintiff was performing his work as a security guard employed by Pitt when he sustained his injuries, the claim against UPS arises from, and is related to, Pitt's work and falls within the agreement's broad indemnification provision ( see Brown v. Two Exch. Plaza Partners, 76 N.Y.2d 172, 178, 556 N.Y.S.2d 991, 556 N.E.2d 430 [1990];Sovereign Constr. Co. v. Wachtel, Dukauer & Fein, 55 N.Y.2d 627, 446 N.Y.S.2d 252, 430 N.E.2d 1305 [1981] ).