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denying 60(b) relief after the one-year limitations period had expired because the claims for relief fell "within the scope of class and of Rule 60(b)"
Summary of this case from Pierce v. VaughanOpinion
No. 382-79
Opinion Filed September 1, 1981
1. Judgments — Relief From — Time Limitations
Under rule governing motions for relief from judgment, motions on any grounds must be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year from entry of judgment, and the one year bar is an absolute one where it applies. V.R.C.P. 60(b).
2. Judgments — Relief From — Construction of Laws
Relief under provision of rule governing motions for relief from judgment allowing relief for "any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment" is available only when a ground justifying relief is not encompassed within any of the first five classes of the rule and, in addition, such relief can only be granted when proper grounds indicating justification are stated with particularity. V.R.C.P. 7(b), 60(b)(6).
3. Judgments — Relief From — Construction of Laws
Where, in action for trespass involving disputed boundary lines, defendants had instituted third party action, which was subsequently dismissed by stipulation, against their grantor for damages sustained by them, subsequent motion for relief from judgment entered against defendants could not be interpreted as encompassing a complaint of fraud against a third party and thus was not within the provisions of the rule governing motions for relief from judgment barring motions not filed within one year after entry of judgment since the complaint in support of the motion made no reference to revival of the third party action and made no allegation of third party impropriety. V.R.C.P. 60(b).
4. Judgments — Relief From — Construction of Laws
When a motion for relief from judgment sets up facts which, even if proved, would lead to a denial of the motion, failure of the trial court to hold a full hearing on the motion does not result in a denial of due process of law. V.R.C.P. 60(b).
5. Appeal and Error — Preservation of Questions — Failure To Present Below
Claimed errors not raised below cannot be heard on appeal.
Appeal from denial of motion for relief from judgment. Orleans Superior Court, Amidon, J., presiding. Affirmed.
May and Davies, Barton, for Plaintiff.
Black Plante, Inc., White River Junction, for Defendants.
Present: Barney, C.J., Larrow, Billings, Hill and Underwood, JJ.
Parties to this dispute are adjoining landowners. They had a common predecessor in title. Plaintiff received his land directly from that predecessor whereas defendants bought their parcel from an intervening owner. Parties apparently dispute where the boundary lies between their properties, and plaintiff brought an action in 1973 claiming that defendants were trespassing on his land. From a judgment granting plaintiff an injunction and damages, defendants appealed.
During the pendency of that appeal, defendants filed a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to V.R.C.P. 60(b). We accordingly remanded the entire matter to the lower court for determination of the motion. Defendants are here appealing the denial of that motion by the trial court. We affirm.
The motion was entitled, "Motion of fraud and Newly Discoidred [ sic] evidence under Rule 60(B)." It was prepared by defendants without the help of an attorney. The lower court denied the motion without an evidentiary hearing on the ground that it was "premised upon allegedly excusable neglect, newly discovered evidence and fraud, and not having been filed within one year after judgment was entered as required by Rule 60(b), V.R.C.P."
Defendants have briefed three arguments for our consideration. The first is that the lower court should have held an evidentiary hearing to determine whether there were facts to bring the motion within the purview of V.R.C.P. 60(b)(6), which does not have the one year limitation.
Rule 60(b) provides, in part, as follows:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or his legal representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party; . . . or (6) any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order, or proceeding was entered or taken.
We held in Brown v. Tatro, 136 Vt. 409, 411, 392 A.2d 380 (1978), that, "[u]nder V.R.C.P. 60(b), motions for relief from final judgment, on any ground, must be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not more than one year from entry of judgment. The one year bar is an absolute one where it applies . . . ." Defendants concede that if the motion pertained only to reasons (1), (2), and (3) of Rule 60(b) it was untimely filed.
Relief under V.R.C.P. 60(b)(6) is available only when a ground justifying relief is not encompassed within any of the first five classes of the rule. United States v. Cirami, 563 F.2d 26, 32 (2d Cir. 1977). In addition, such relief only can be granted when proper grounds indicating justification are stated with particularity. Id.; V.R.C.P. 7(b). The trial court examined the motion and the grounds advanced in support of it, and concluded that those grounds were within the scope of class (2) and (3) of Rule 60(b). As such, the one year time limit was held to be applicable.
Relying on McKinney v. Boyle, 404 F.2d 632 (9th Cir. 1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 992 (1969), defendants contend the motion should have been viewed as encompassing a complaint of fraud against a third party, thus falling outside the scope of V.R.C.P. 60(b)(3). The third party in this case, apparently, is the person who directly conveyed the land to defendants while making certain assurances about boundary lines.
During the course of the original action, defendants initiated a third party action against their grantor for damages sustained by them adjusting for the difference of acreage guaranteed in the warranty deed and the ultimate acreage as determined by the courts. Prior to the hearing in plaintiff's complaint, however, the third party action was dismissed by stipulation. The complaint in support of the V.R.C.P. 60(b) motion makes absolutely no mention of reviving that action, even if it were possible, nor does the complaint make any allegation of third party impropriety. Consequently, defendant's argument is unpersuasive.
Defendants contend, however, that they are deficient in speaking, writing and understanding our language, and that we should therefore liberally construe the motion in their favor. They draw our attention to Dioguardi v. Durning, 139 F.2d 774 (2d Cir. 1944). Our review of the motion, however, based upon the most liberal construction possible, still does not disclose assertions sufficient to bring it under clause (6).
Defendants claim that they were denied due process of law when a full hearing on their motion was refused. When a motion on its face sets up facts which, even if proved, would lead to a denial of the motion, there has been no violation of due process. Such is the case here.
Lastly, defendants claim that the trial court should have construed their pro se motion as an independent action for equitable relief even though not timely filed under Rule 60(b). This ground is raised here for the first time. We reiterate our rule that claimed errors not raised below cannot be heard on appeal. Kalakowski v. John A. Russell Corp., 137 Vt. 219, 226, 401 A.2d 906 (1979).
Judgment affirmed.