Opinion
No. 15-55778
08-21-2017
AFMS LLC, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.; FEDEX CORPORATION, Defendants-Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 2:10-cv-05830- JGB-AJB MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California
Jesus G. Bernal, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted March 8, 2017 Pasadena, California Before: REINHARDT, TASHIMA, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
AFMS LLC ("AFMS") appeals the grant of summary judgment in favor of Appellees United Parcel Service, Inc. ("UPS") and FedEx Corporation ("FedEx") on AFMS' antitrust suit under § 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Summary judgment in an antitrust case is appropriate where the plaintiff fails to define a cognizable market. See, e.g., Morgan, Strand, Wheeler & Biggs v. Radiology, Ltd., 924 F.2d 1484, 1489 (9th Cir. 1991). AFMS proffers two market definitions: a market for "shipping consultation services" and a market for "rate negotiation." AFMS has attempted to construct markets that include solely itself, other third party rate consultants, UPS, and FedEx. They cannot, however, explain their exclusion of in-house shipping advisors, the U.S. Postal Service, regional carriers, or other types of shipping consultants. Further, it is highly questionable whether UPS and FedEx are participants in the market for "rate negotiation." To establish antitrust standing, an antitrust plaintiff must participate in "the same market as the alleged malefactors." Amarel v. Connell, 102 F.3d 1494, 1508 (9th Cir. 1996) (quoting Bhan v. NME Hosps., Inc., 772 F.2d 1467, 1470 (9th Cir. 1985)).
It seems highly implausible that a shipping company, such as UPS or FedEx, could "negotiate" with itself about the rates it would charge shippers. --------
AFMS has failed to define a cognizable market or to show that both it and Appellees are participants in that market.
The district court's grant of summary judgment is
AFFIRMED. NGUYEN, Circuit Judge, concurring in the result:
The market definitions that AFMS advances are cognizable for antitrust purposes. See Yellow Pages Cost Consultants, Inc. v. GTE Directories Corp., 951 F.2d 1158 (9th Cir. 1991). However, AFMS failed to support its legal theories with sufficient evidence to survive summary judgment.
AFMS was not required, as the district court suggested, to provide expert testimony regarding the relevant market. Cf. United States v. Pabst Brewing Co., 384 U.S. 546, 549 (1966) ("Certainly the failure of the Government to prove by an army of expert witnesses what constitutes a relevant 'economic' or 'geographic' market is not an adequate ground on which to dismiss a [Clayton Act § 7] case."). The district court was within its discretion, however, in excluding Stuart Brotman's proffered expert testimony, see Fed. R. Evid. 702; Jinro Am. Inc. v. Secure Invs., Inc., 266 F.3d 993, 1001-04 (9th Cir. 2001), and had no obligation to consider inadequately cited evidence in the voluminous record before it. See Nilsson, Robbins, Dalgarn, Berliner, Carson & Wurst v. Louisiana Hydrolec, 854 F.2d 1538, 1545 (9th Cir. 1988). REINHARDT, Circuit Judge, dissenting:
I respectfully disagree. I am not persuaded that plaintiff has failed to raise a genuine issue of fact as to the existence of a market regarding shipping consultation services, rate negotiations, and/or a combination of the two. See Yellow Pages Cost Consultants, Inc. v. GTE Directories Corp., 951 F.2d 1158 (9th Cir. 1991); Telecor Communications, Inc. v. Sw. Bell Tel. Co., 305 F.3d 1124, 1129, 1131 (10th Cir. 2002).