Opinion
02-15-2017
Aly Aly Abou ABDOU, appellant, v. Kathleen RAMPAUL, et al., respondents, et al., defendants.
Jaroslawicz & Jaros PLLC, New York, NY (David Tolchin of counsel), for appellant. James J. Toomey, New York, NY (Evy L. Kazansky of counsel), for respondents.
Jaroslawicz & Jaros PLLC, New York, NY (David Tolchin of counsel), for appellant.
James J. Toomey, New York, NY (Evy L. Kazansky of counsel), for respondents.
JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, J.P., SANDRA L. SGROI, HECTOR D. LaSALLE, and BETSY BARROS, JJ.
In a consolidated action to recover damages for personal injuries, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by his brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Schack, J.), dated September 22, 2014, as granted that branch of the motion of the defendants Kathleen Rampaul and Mervyn Rampaul which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against them.
ORDERED that the order is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof granting that branch of the motion of the defendants Kathleen Rampaul and Mervyn Rampaul which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against the defendant Mervyn Rampaul, and substituting therefor a provision denying that branch of the motion; as so modified, the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, without costs or disbursements.
In this consolidated action, the plaintiff seeks to recover damages against the defendants Kathleen Rampaul and Mervyn Rampaul (hereinafter together the defendants), among others, for injuries he allegedly sustained after falling from a scaffold while renovating the defendants' residence. Kathleen owned the house, but Mervyn alone signed the work contract with the plaintiff's employer and visited the site daily to deliver materials and to monitor progress. The plaintiff asserted causes of action alleging violations of Labor Law §§ 200, 240(1), and 241(6), and common-law negligence. After discovery, the defendants moved, inter alia, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against them. The Supreme Court granted the defendants' motion. The plaintiff appeals.
Owners of a one- or two-family dwelling used as a residence are exempt from liability under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) unless they directed or controlled the work being performed (see Chowdhury v. Rodriguez, 57 A.D.3d 121, 128, 867 N.Y.S.2d 123 ). "The homeowner's exemption was enacted to protect owners of one- and two-family dwellings who are not in a position to realize, understand, and insure against the responsibilities of strict liability imposed by Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6)" (Ramirez v. I.G.C. Wall Sys., Inc., 140 A.D.3d 1047, 1048, 35 N.Y.S.3d 159 ; see Cannon v. Putnam, 76 N.Y.2d 644, 649, 563 N.Y.S.2d 16, 564 N.E.2d 626 ). "[I]n order for a defendant to receive the protection of the homeowners' exemption, the defendant must satisfy two prongs required by the statutes. First, the defendant must show that the work was conducted at a dwelling that is a residence for only one or two families" (Chowdhury v. Rodriguez, 57 A.D.3d at 126, 867 N.Y.S.2d 123 ; see Labor Law §§ 240[1] ; 241; Rodriguez v. Gany, 82 A.D.3d 863, 864, 918 N.Y.S.2d 187 ). "The second requirement ... is that the defendants ‘not direct or control the work’ " (Chowdhury v. Rodriguez, 57 A.D.3d at 126, 867 N.Y.S.2d 123, quoting Labor Law §§ 240[1] and 241 ; see Rodriguez v. Gany, 82 A.D.3d at 864, 918 N.Y.S.2d 187 ). " ‘The expressed and unambiguous language of [Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241 ] focuses upon whether the defendants supervised the methods and manner of the work’ " (Nai Ren Jiang v. Shane Yeh, 95 A.D.3d 970, 971, 944 N.Y.S.2d 200, quoting Chowdhury v. Rodriguez, 57 A.D.3d at 127, 867 N.Y.S.2d 123 ; see Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d 54, 59–60, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ; Boccio v. Bozik, 41 A.D.3d 754, 755, 839 N.Y.S.2d 525 ; Arama v. Fruchter, 39 A.D.3d 678, 679, 833 N.Y.S.2d 665 ).
Here, the defendants proffered evidence establishing that Kathleen owned the one-family dwelling and that she did not direct or control the work being performed (see Arama v. Fruchter, 39 A.D.3d at 679, 833 N.Y.S.2d 665 ). In opposition, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact. Consequently, the Supreme Court properly granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) causes of action asserted against Kathleen (see Youseff v. Malik, 112 A.D.3d 617, 618–619, 977 N.Y.S.2d 53 ; Reilly v. Loreco Constr., 284 A.D.2d 384, 385–386, 726 N.Y.S.2d 142 ). The plaintiff is correct, however, that Mervyn was not entitled to the protection of the homeowner's exemption because he was not an "owner[ ]" under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241 (see Youseff v. Malik, 112 A.D.3d at 618–619, 977 N.Y.S.2d 53 ; Fisher v. Coghlan, 8 A.D.3d 974, 975–976, 778 N.Y.S.2d 812 ).
More generally, " Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) apply to owners, contractors, and their agents" (Fucci v. Douglas S. Plotke, Jr., Inc., 124 A.D.3d 835, 836, 3 N.Y.S.3d 67, quoting Medina v. R.M. Resources, 107 A.D.3d 859, 860, 968 N.Y.S.2d 533 ). " ‘A party is deemed to be an agent of an owner or general contractor under the Labor Law when it has supervisory control and authority over the work being done where a plaintiff is injured’ " ( Delahaye v. Saint Anns School, 40 A.D.3d 679, 683, 836 N.Y.S.2d 233, quoting Linkowski v. City of New York, 33 A.D.3d 971, 974–975, 824 N.Y.S.2d 109 ). "It is not a defendant's title that is determinative, but the amount of control or supervision exercised" (Linkowski v. City of New York, 33 A.D.3d at 975, 824 N.Y.S.2d 109 ).
Here, the defendants failed to establish Mervyn's prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law on the Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) causes of action by demonstrating that he lacked the authority to supervise or control the plaintiff's work (see Bennett v. Hucke, 131 A.D.3d 993, 994, 16 N.Y.S.3d 261 ). Specifically, the defendants submitted transcripts of the plaintiff's two depositions, at which he testified that, in addition to visiting the site daily and telling the plaintiff what work to do, Mervyn provided and instructed him to use the allegedly defective scaffold and a safety belt to complete the work that led to his injury. Moreover, the plaintiff testified that his boss told him to follow Mervyn's instructions, and there is no dispute on this record that Mervyn was listed as an insured on the plaintiff's employer's policy. Although the defendants submitted evidence suggesting that Mervyn may have had more limited involvement in the project, " ‘[i]t is not the court's function on a motion for summary judgment to assess credibility’ " (Silva v. FC Beekman Assoc., LLC, 92 A.D.3d 754, 756, 938 N.Y.S.2d 583, quoting Ferrante v. American Lung Assn., 90 N.Y.2d 623, 631, 665 N.Y.S.2d 25, 687 N.E.2d 1308 ). Accordingly, the plaintiff raised a triable issue of fact as to whether Mervyn had sufficient authority to supervise or control the work to support liability under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6) (see Van Blerkom v. America Painting, LLC, 120 A.D.3d 660, 662, 992 N.Y.S.2d 52 ; Bruce v. Lawrence, 303 A.D.2d 616, 617, 756 N.Y.S.2d 635 ).
To be held liable pursuant to Labor Law § 200 or the common law in a case such as this, where the claim arises out of the methods or means of the work, a defendant must have authority to supervise or control the work (see Rodriguez v. Gany, 82 A.D.3d at 865, 918 N.Y.S.2d 187 ; Rojas v. Schwartz, 74 A.D.3d 1046, 903 N.Y.S.2d 484 ; Ortega v. Puccia, 57 A.D.3d at 61–63, 866 N.Y.S.2d 323 ). Here, the defendants established Kathleen's prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence causes of action against her, and the plaintiffs failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition (see Ruiz v. Walker, 93 A.D.3d 838, 838–839, 940 N.Y.S.2d 896 ). For the same reasons as those articulated above, however, the defendants failed to satisfy their prima facie burden with respect to the plaintiff's Labor Law § 200 and common-law negligence causes of action against Mervyn (see Szczepanski v. Dandrea Constr. Corp., 90 A.D.3d 642, 644, 934 N.Y.S.2d 432 ).
As the defendants' submissions failed to establish Mervyn's prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the Labor Law §§ 200, 240(1), and 241(6) and common-law negligence causes of action insofar as asserted against him, the Supreme Court should have denied that branch of the defendants' motion, and we need not consider the sufficiency of the plaintiff's opposition to the motion (see Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 487 N.Y.S.2d 316, 476 N.E.2d 642 ).