369 U.S. 736 (1962) Cited 711 times 29 Legal Analyses
Holding that "an employer's unilateral change in conditions of employment under negotiation" is a violation of the National Labor Relations Act because "it is a circumvention of the duty to negotiate"
Standing does not exist if future injury is too speculative — if the record provides little indication that the plaintiffs had firm intentions to "take action that would trigger the challenged governmental action" or that if they did, "they would be subjected to the challenged governmental action"
356 U.S. 342 (1958) Cited 296 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding employer's insistence on a ballot clause was an unfair labor practice under § 8 because it was a non-mandatory subject of bargaining and it "substantially modifies the collective-bargaining system provided for in the statute by weakening the independence of the 'representative' chosen by the employees. It enables the employer, in effect, to deal with its employees rather than with their statutory representative."
Holding that oral modification of a collective bargaining agreement was ineffective in the presence of "an express zipper clause prohibiting modification except by written agreement"