See, e.g., Gonzalez-Alvarado v. INS, 39 F.3d 245, 246 n. 2 (9th Cir. 1994); Cabral, 15 F.3d at 196 n. 5 (citing In re H, 7 I. N. Dec. 359, 360 (BIA 1956)). A. "Reasonableness" Or "De Novo" Review?
We look to state law only to determine the elements of the offense of conviction. See In re H, 7 I. N. Dec. 359, 360 (BIA 1956).
In Matter of Z, 2 I. N. Dec. 316 (BIA 1945), the Board held that it could not conclude that petitioner was convicted of a crime of moral turpitude in Canada, where the record of petitioner's conviction for "gross indecency" did not specify the act for which he was convicted. But in Matter of H, 7 I. N. Dec. 359, 360-61 (BIA 1956), the petitioner was convicted of homosexual conduct in Canada under a "gross indecency" statute. The BIA was at first "unable to conclude" that petitioner had been convicted of a crime of moral turpitude because the term gross indecency was not defined in the statute and the record of conviction contained no facts.